玻璃纤维编织管覆膜改性及其动态膜生物反应器研究

对玻璃纤维编织管进行了覆膜改性,并依托于玻璃纤维编织管开发了一种新型的栅式膜组件及其动态膜生物反应器.研究表明,覆膜改性前,玻纤编织管动态膜组件的稳定通量仅为4 L/(m2.h),跨膜压差为0.02 MPa;覆膜改性后,玻纤编织管动态膜组件的膜通量可达到16 L/(m2.h),跨膜压差为0.01 MPa;经过水力清洗和碱洗后再次运行,膜通量可达到17.1 L/(m2.h),而跨膜压差最低仅为0.003 MPa.覆膜膜液浓度为1∶4时反应器在膜通量为14.29 L/(m2.h)时稳定运行长达51 d.按阻力增长速率计算,膜通量可保持稳定运行275 d左右.同时出水效果良好,COD和NH4+-N的处理效果平均值分别为81.96%和83.66%,其中动态膜的去除率分别为21.01%和3.61%.此外,覆膜改性的玻纤编织管估算价格约为40~60元/m2,低于传统有机膜.     

MgO改性莲蓬壳生物炭的制备及其磷吸附特性

为了研究生物炭作为磷吸附剂的潜在应用特性,本文通过将MgO与莲蓬壳混合物快速热解制备纳米MgO-生物炭吸附剂.采用XRD、BET、SEM和TEM对其理化特性进行表征,并进行了吸附实验.结果表明,MgO主要以薄片状和颗粒状的形态负载在炭表面,使吸附活性位点增加,MgO-生物炭MBC3吸附量是未负载MgO生物炭MBC1的14倍,热解通10%CO_2载气,MBC9的吸附量进一步增加为MBC1的16倍.准二级动力学能更好地描述吸附过程,磷酸根在MgO-生物炭上的吸附是以化学吸附为主导.MBC3和MBC9的Langmuir最大吸附量分别可达到283. 26 mg·g~(-1)和297. 96 mg·g~(-1). MgO-生物炭是一种高效的磷吸附剂,可用来治理水体富营养化问题.     

基于BWM群决策赋权与FMEA的风险评估方法*

为实现BWM群决策评估结果的有效聚合，构建1种基于输入数据的决策者赋权法。该赋权法基于输入数据的一致性水平，衡量决策者对评估对象的认知程度并确定权重，使BWM能够应用于群决策过程，从而构建基于BWM群决策赋权和FMEA的风险评估法。通过邮轮玻璃幕墙风险评估的实例验证该方法，并通过序数一致性分析方法的有效性。研究结果表明:在客观数据缺乏而依赖专家主观经验评估的情况下，该方法能够降低评估能力较低个体对团队评估结果的影响。     

Packaging glass contained in the heavy residual fraction refused by Portuguese Mechanical and Biological Treatment plants

Mechanical and Biological Treatment (MBT) is an important strategy to manage Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Europe. The presence of recyclable materials on MSW depends on different factors such as inefficiencies in the Municipal Solid Waste collecting schemes and to the low level of citizenship environmental education. Among other products, MBT plants produce a residual fraction, named here as heavy residual fraction, that contains a significant amount of packaging glass which in Portugal is currently landfilled. This material is not recycled because it is heavily contaminated with other materials, preventing its processing in Material Recovery Facilities (MRF).In this paper the characterization, including particle size and composition, of the residual fraction of six Portuguese MBT plants is presented. The relevant variables that determine the heavy residual fraction characteristics were identified. It was observed that the MBTr particle size distribution is different and depends mainly on the place on the flowsheet where the MBTr exits the process, which is determined by the type of biological process and by the aperture of the last screen where the product passes through. The content in glass varies from 33 to 83%. These values are mainly related with the upstream glass sorting and with the efficiency of the recovery of the organic fraction which is the glass main contaminant. The second main contaminant is “stones”.The quantity of glass contained in this product in all the plants that will be in operation in Portugal in 2014 was estimated. The work shows that if all the 48,000 of glass could be recovered the Portuguese recycling rate would increase by 4.4%.