控制星湖内源性营养物质磷负荷的有效性研究

本文研究了天然沸石与石灰,铝盐,铁盐对湖水－沉积物系统中的湖水脱磷的可能性,以期在对星湖内源性营养物质磷负荷的控制方面提供科学依据。     

石灰污泥共热法在水泥煅烧中的应用

利用水泥窑尾的高温废气干化污泥是处理污泥且节约能源的新方法。为了模拟窑尾废气干化污泥的生产工艺,试验对污泥与石灰共热干化,研究了石灰(CaO)在污泥热干化过程中作用,可提高污泥的干化速率,减少有害气体排放及提高干化污泥的稳定性。研究表明,当石灰掺量质量百分含量达到10%时,250℃下污泥干化速率同比提高了19.6%;释放的H2S气体减少了95.1%;污泥中有机物含量减少了77.87%。     

石灰投加与搅拌对生态厕所的灭菌效果

以发展中国家农村地区的卫生条件改善为目的,开展了简易生态厕所的粪便堆肥处理实验。在投加石灰作为抑菌剂的条件下,研究了搅拌混合对杀灭致病微生物的影响,以及使堆肥终产物达到可接受风险值所需的最佳搅拌条件。实验确定了石灰的投加量,并应用Beta-Possion模型对堆肥处置过程中致病微生物对暴露人群的健康风险进行评价,从而从健康风险控制的角度确定了最佳的搅拌次数。研究结果表明,石灰投加量约占堆肥干重1.5%,手动搅拌50次,经搅拌后放置12 h能达到可接受的风险值(3.2×10-5)。     

过磷酸钙与石灰混施对污染农田低累积玉米生长和重金属含量的影响

通过田间实验,研究了过磷酸钙和石灰混施对重金属污染农田上低累积玉米产量以及籽粒、茎叶重金属含量的影响,并分析了施用过磷酸钙和石灰后土壤pH和有效重金属含量的变化。结果表明,与单施过磷酸钙和单施石灰相比,过磷酸钙和石灰混施更能显著提高玉米生物产量,且过磷酸钙和石灰均有一定的后效。单施石灰处理、石灰与过磷酸钙混施处理都均显著降低玉米籽粒Cd、Zn和Cu含量,其中以中量(0.4 kg/m2)、高量石灰(0.6 kg/m2)+中量过磷酸钙(0.2kg/m2)处理效果最佳,其玉米籽粒Cd、Zn和Cu含量降低到了国家食品卫生标准允许的含量水平。石灰处理均不同程度地提高了玉米籽粒Pb含量,配施过磷酸钙也不能明显降低玉米籽粒Pb含量,但仍低于饲料卫生标准允许的含量水平。另外,单施石灰处理和石灰与过磷酸钙混施处理均显著降低了玉米茎叶Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu含量,可以安全用作有机肥。     

含氟离子和氯离子酸性废水处理技术

本实验研究了石灰乳和铝酸钠处理废水中的氟离子和氯离子的效果。通过正交实验得出:影响除氟离子效果因素的主次顺序为:pH值>氟离子浓度>反应时间;影响除氯离子效果因素的主次顺序为:氯离子浓度>铝酸钠与氯离子的质量浓度比>反应时间。通过单因素实验得出:在pH=9、反应时间为5 min的条件下,废水中氟离子含量可由370.37mg/L降低到2 mg/L以下,去除率可达99.45%;在铝酸钠与氯离子的质量浓度比为1∶10,反应时间为5 min的条件下,废水中氯离子含量可由503.4 mg/L降低到201 mg/L以下,去除率可达60%。     

造纸白泥和粉煤灰的添加对污泥消化液中氮磷回收的影响

污泥厌氧消化液中含有丰富的氮磷,若直接排放到环境中,将会对附近水体造成严重污染。由于消化液中Mg^2＋和Ca^2＋的含量很低,严重影响了氮磷的回收效果。把造纸白泥和粉煤灰引入到污泥厌氧消化液氮磷的回收当中,可以明显地提升消化液pH和提高PO4^3-P和NH3-N回收率。实验结果表明：当造纸白泥添加量为4g／（L·h）时,曝气12h后,pH可达10．19,此时PO4^3-P和NH3-N回收率分别达到64％和45％;而当粉煤灰添加量为4g／（L·h）时,曝气12h后,pH达到9．63,PO4^3-P和NH3-N回收率分别为46％和41％。但仅用曝气方式处理,12h后,pH值仅为8．52,PO4^3-P和NH3-N回收率分别只有20％和18％。实验结果还表明,水力停留时间（HRT）越大,pH上升速度越快,幅度越大,氮磷的回收效果就越好。     

灰砂砖砌体力学性能试验研究

通过对灰砂砖砌体的基本力学性能试验研究 ,揭示了其破坏特征及影响因素 ,取得了有关数据 ,并与文献 [1]计算值进行了比较 ,阐明灰砂砖可用于抗震设计的砌体房屋。     

Decolourization and removal of some organic compounds from olive mill wastewater by advanced oxidation processes and lime treatment

Background Olive mill wastewater (OMW) generated by the olive oil extracting industry is a major pollutant, because of its high organic load and phytotoxic and antibacterial phenolic compounds which resist biological degradation. Mediterranean countries are mostly affected by this serious environmental problem since they are responsible for 95% of the worldwide oliveoil production. There are many methods used for OMW treatment, such as adsorption, electro coagulation, electro-oxidation, biological degradation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), chemical coagulation, flocculation, filtration, lagoons of evaporation and burning systems, etc. Currently, there is no such economical and easy solution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of decolourization and removal of phenol, lignin, TOC and TIC in OMW by UV/H₂O₂ (AOPs). The operating parameters, such as hydrogen peroxide dosage, times, pH, effect of UV and natural sunlight were determined to find the suitable operating conditions for the best removal. Moreover, there is no study reported in the literature related to the use of UV/H₂O₂ and lime together in OMW treatment. Methods OMW was obtained from an olive-oil producing plant (Muğla area of Turkey) which uses a modern production process. No chemical additives are used during olive oil production. This study was realised by using two different UV sources, while taking the time and energy consumption into consideration. These two sources were mercury lamps and natural sunlight. Before starting AOPs experiments, one litre of OMW was treated by adding lime until a pH of 7.00. Then, 100 ml was taken from each sample, and 1 to 10 ml of a 30% H₂O₂ (Riedel-deHaen) solution was added. These solutions in closed vessels were laid in the natural sunlight for a week and their compositions and colour changes were analysed daily by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. At the end of the one-week period, they were treated with lime. In this study, the effect of changes in the initial pH, times and H₂O₂ concentrations on removal was investigated. At the end of all experiments, changes in colour, phenol, lignin, TOC and TIC concentrations were analysed according to standard methods. Results and Discussion In the samples exposed to natural sunlight and having an H₂O₂/OMW ratio of 3 ml/100 ml, a significant colour removal was achieved approximately 90% of the time at the end of 7 days. When the same samples were treated with lime (pH: up to 7), 99% efficiency was achieved. When phenol and lignin removals were examined in the same concentration, phenol and lignin removal were found 99.5%, 35%, respectively. However, for maximum lignin removal, more use of H₂O₂ (10 ml H₂O₂/100 ml OMW) was found to be necessary. Under these conditions, it was found that lignin can be removed by 70%, but to 90% with lime, at the end of a seven-day period. Rate constants obtained in the experiments performed with direct UV were found to be much higher than those of the samples exposed to natural sunlight (k^a _lignin = 0.3883 ≫ k^b _lignin = 0.0078; k^a _phenol = 0.5187 ≫ k^b _phenol = 0.0146). Moreover, it should be remembered in this process that energy consumption may induce extra financial burden for organisations. Conclusions It was found, in general, that colour, lignin, total organic carbon and phenol were removed more efficiently from OMW by using H₂O₂ UV and lime OMW. Moreover, in the study, lime was found to contribute, both initially and after radical reactions, to the efficiency to a great extent. Recommendations and Perspectives Another result obtained from the study is that pre-purification carried out with hydrogen peroxide and lime may constitute an important step for further purification processes such as adsorption, membrane processes, etc.     

赤泥对电解锰渣中可溶性锰离子固化效果研究

为了探讨赤泥固化电解锰渣中可溶性锰离子的固化效果和可行性,本文采用X射线衍射(XRD)、电子扫描显微镜(SEM)和X射线荧光光谱(XRF)等分析手段,对比评估了新鲜赤泥、陈旧赤泥(堆放1年以上)、生石灰以及陈旧赤泥复合生石灰等固化剂在不同添加剂量下对电解锰渣中可溶性锰离子的固化效果,并初步阐释了赤泥固化电解锰渣中可溶性...     

石灰粉料筒仓的改进设计

针对石灰粉料极易在筒仓内结拱、形成空洞及断流的问题,结合石灰物料的特性,开发设计出与石灰粉料流动形态吻合的筒仓,并阐述了石灰粉料筒仓的基本设计方法,包括筒仓流型的选择、设计以及筒仓料斗的设计等。结合酸洗废水处理工程,制造了200m^3石灰粉料筒仓以配合完成石灰粉料的输送,并介绍了石灰筒仓的设计基本参数。