我国防灾救灾物资市场建立过程中的企业行为与对策探讨

在社会主义市场经济条件下,防灾救灾物资也同样需要通过市场配置,而不是通过计划调拔。在目前及今后一段时期迫切需要研究并适应灾害特点,迅速建立适合中国国情的防灾救灾物资市场体系,变政府开发为市场开发,逐步使企业发展成为防灾救灾物资市场开发的主体。     

European regulations to reduce lead emissions from automobiles – did they have an economic impact on the German gasoline and automobile markets?

Environmental protection policies in the automobile market were not implemented until the motorisation of the masses in the 1960s caused an increasing environmental burden. The rising air pollution was considered a latent danger to humans, animals and plants. In the years up to 1985 the EU passed several regulations to limit the mass pollutants CO, CxHy and NOx. Germany was the first EU-member nation to also be concerned with lead in gasoline, passing reduction regulations as early as 1971. In 1986, several EU-member nations implemented the supply of unleaded gasoline. This decision was predominantly based on information about widespread forest damage. The reduction of lead emissions due to these regulations could be verified in different environmental systems. An example of this was the decline of atmospheric lead concentrations and human blood lead levels in Germany. With regard to industries, the German mineral oil and automobile markets were affected mostly. The price trend of gasoline was no longer only influenced by varying crude oil prices but also by tax discrimination between leaded and unleaded fuel. With regard to the distribution system, the market positions particularly of the medium-sized traders and the independent importers were weakened. In the automobile market, favourable terms of competition were experienced by producers who had already gained experience with catalyst systems in the US market. The Gasoline Lead Content Regulations had no significant effects on further economic indicators, except for competition. Electronic Publication     

污染生态学的研究前沿与展望

根据污染生态学国内外研究现状与发展趋势 ,对该领域的最新研究前沿进行了较为系统的分析和归纳。与此同时 ,从生态学发展战略的角度 ,对今后的研究重点进行了阐述。认为污染生态过程是污染生态学研究的中心议题 ,污染生态修复与污染生态工程是污染生态学应用研究的重点。通过研究 ,将会推动污染生态化学和污染生态毒理学等学科新的生长点和新的分支学科的形成和发展。     

酸性矿井水治理方案灰局势决策择优法

简述了适用于煤矿高矿化度及酸性矿井水处理方法,介绍了用灰局势决策治理酸性矿井水的择优问题,并将其结果与作者曾提出过的用多目标模糊决策法作了比较.     

Externalities, Market Power, and Resource Extraction

This article analyzes the effect of market power in the presence of dynamic and biological externalities. When several countries harvest fish in international waters the evolution of fish population is affected by their joint action, thus generating a biological and a dynamic externality. If there is trade, the market-clearing prices depend on the harvesting and consumption in all countries. Therefore, market-clearing prices also generate an externality. We find a subgame perfect Cournot–Nash equilibrium and study the conditions under which it may be efficient. We also analyze the role of different externalities in generating inefficiency.     

丽水市区环境现状评价与保护

根据丽水市区环境的监测数据。利用有关数学模式对丽水市区空气、水体与噪声污染进行评价,结果表明。影响丽水市区水质的主要污染源为城市生活污水,主要污染物分别为TP、TN、BOD5。影响丽水市区空气质量的主要为降尘,丽水市区为重酸雨区,噪声来源以生活噪声为主。并就此提出了对丽水市区环境的保护对策建议。     

水权交易市场构想

本文在分析水权和水权交易的基础上提出建立一种合约化的水权交易市场模式,并对此市场的结构和功能进行了分析。     

沪宁杭城市密集区市场化差异研究

提出了市场化为商品和生产要素的市场化以及经济化体制与机制的统一。分析了沪宁杭城市密集区生产要素市场化的总体特征。选取了市场化指标体系,用主成分分析法确定了影响沪宁杭城市密集区市场化进程的基本因素,利用层次分析法定量分析了沪宁杭 城市密集区市场化进程的差异。在此基础上,提出了推进沪宁杭城市密集区市场化整体协调发展的对策建议：大力发展要素市场,实现商品与要素市场的互促共进。继续深化企业改革,推进企业市场化。加快对外贸易市场化步伐,促进经济外向化。大力发展第三产业,推动工业化和市场化进程的统一。全方位稳定发展农村外向型经济,促进农村市场化。因势利导。 进沪宁杭城市密集区各城市市场化的协调发展。     

Aging and Longevity as Indicators of Ecological Health of the Environment

The analysis of the demographic situation in the Republic of Mari El over ten years revealed the phenomenon of population aging with an increase in the number of elderly people. The phenomenon is regarded as an ecological indicator of the improvement of environmental quality; however, it poses some new problems in population gerontology.     

成都市各区（市）县城镇生活垃圾处理对策

介绍了成都市各区（市）县生活垃圾的成分和处理现状,提出了将来成都市各区（市）县城镇垃圾无害化、资源化、减量化的处理方案。