释氧渗透反应格栅填料的改进研究

释氧材料的性能是释氧格栅能否经济有效地应用到地下水原位修复中的关键因素。作者在前人研究的基础上,通过在一般的释氧材料中加入膨润土而使释氧材料的性能得到明显的改善。这种释氧材料释氧速率平缓,释氧时间长,总释氧量大,是一种能有效应用到释氧格栅中的改进释氧材料。实验数据表明,在天然地下水的作用下,该材料持续释氧约1a后,水中的溶解氧还能保持在15mg/L左右;把本材料引入地下水中不会显著改变地下水环境的pH值,天然含水层介质能把pH值缓冲到一个中性的环境。     

基于MFA的区域循环经济评价指标体系研究

物质流分析方法为资源、废弃物和环境管理提供了方法学上的决策支持工具,也为区域循环经济的评价与研究提供了新的思路。探讨了循环经济评价指标体系的构建原则,依据物质流分析方法,结合现实情况建立区域循环经济指标体系,并对主要指标进行分析,以期更好地推动城市循环经济的发展。     

基于ARDL方法的江苏省资源利用与经济增长

资源利用与经济增长间的关系是资源与环境经济学研究的重要领域.目前国内外研究主要集中于探讨能源消费与经济增长间的因果关系,而未对区域资源总体投入与经济产出的关系开展实证研究.以江苏省为例,首次尝试运用物质流分析法以及最新发展的自回归分布滞后模型(ARDL),对江苏省1990—2007年资源利用和实际GDP的因果关系进行检验和分析.采用了物质流分析指标中直接物质投入来表征区域资源利用量.ARDL边界检验结果表明,资源利用和经济增长间存在稳定的长期均衡关系.进一步因果检验表明,二者间存在着从资源利用到经济增长的单向格兰杰因果关系,反映出资源投入在一定程度上拉动了江苏经济增长.同时,对江苏省经济增长和资源保护战略提出了政策建议.      

新型环保塑料制品CT的应用前景

解决白色垃圾污染问题的根本在于推广应用新型环保塑料制品。CT塑料制品的生产、使用和最终处理过程都符合环保要求，是的一次性食品仪器容器替代品。     

电气石负载聚氨酯泡沫作为生物载体强化2,4,6-三氯酚还原

2,4,6-三氯酚在环境中广泛分布,是典型的持久性有机污染物.脱卤呼吸菌能还原分解氯酚,使其毒性大大降低,继而被其他微生物氧化分解并矿化.然而脱卤呼吸菌在自然环境中丰度较低,代谢速率慢,对电子利用能力较差,因此传统的生物添加或生物激活等原位修复方法往往导致效能受限,可应用性差.本研究驯化富集了具有稳定厌氧还原脱氯2,4,6-三氯酚能力的混合菌群,在添加乙酸钠（5 mmol·L^-1）和氢气（10 mL）的情况下,在6 d内将2,4,6-三氯酚还原脱卤为4-氯酚.研究采用聚氨酯泡沫作为生物载体材料,在聚氨酯泡沫表面负载电气石,发现在无氢气额外添加的情况下,2,4,6-三氯酚的还原脱氯速率提高了6倍,且脱卤性能稳定.对强化后混菌的群落结构及潜在核心脱氯功能菌属进行分析,16S rRNA测序鉴定结果表明假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）在混合菌群中的占比超过90%,为体系中的核心脱氯功能菌.本研究为地下水中还原脱卤菌群的应用提供了理论技术.     

Removal of basic fuchsin dye from aqueous solutions using graphite oxide modified aromatic polyurethane foam material

Graphite oxide modified polyurethane foam (GO/PUF) was used for adsorption of basic fuchsin from aqueous solution and adsorption conditions were optimized to attain an efficiency of 99.5%. The adsorption isotherm was in agreement with the Langmuir model. Kinetic study followed pseudo-second order. Determination of Gibbs free energy and enthalpy change of adsorption indicated spontaneous and endothermic adsorption behavior, suggesting that the adsorbent had a potential for the removal of dyes from industrial wastewater.     

磁性介孔硅胶萃取剂的制备及萃取性能研究

合成了C18基团修饰的磁性介孔硅胶材料,并利用该材料建立了磁性固相萃取-色谱分析方法,测定了几种环境水样中酞酸酯类(PAEs)污染物的含量.结果表明,该材料具有较大的比表面积(273 m.2g-1)和饱和磁通量(29 emu.g-1),对水样中痕量的PAEs有较强的萃取能力,而且萃取剂的磁分离特性使得萃取操作更为方便、快捷.在优化条件下,30 mg萃取剂在40 min内即可从500 mL水样中萃取痕量PAEs,回收率可达80%以上.此外,该萃取剂在处理复杂环境样品时仍能保持较强的萃取能力,环境水样中4种PAEs的检测限可达15.6—32.5 ng.L-1,加标回收率为62%—109%,相对标准偏差为2%—8%.     

Clustering economic sectors in China on a life cycle basis to achieve environmental sustainability

To improve material efficiency, industrial structure optimization becomes a focal point in Chinese industrial and environmental policies. It is crucial to cluster economic sectors and determine their priority for industrial and environmental policy implementation. Integrating a set of criteria, a hybrid input-output model and the hierarchical cluster analysis, this study clusters China’s economic sectors and determines their priority on a life cycle basis. China’s economic sectors are clustered into three clusters. Industrial structure changes (industrial policy) should encourage the development of sectors in cluster 1 and limit the development of sectors in cluster 2. Technology development and materials recycling (two environmental policies) should mainly focus on sectors in clusters 1 and 2. Future industrial policies in China should limit the development of two sectors named Manufacture of metal products and Extraction of petroleum and natural gas. Instead of limiting some industries by command-and-control, the best policy option is to remedy environmental standards and law enforcement. Enterprises belonging to the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of direct production impacts should be concerned to achieve enterprise sustainability. To achieve sustainable production chains, the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of accumulative production impacts should be concerned. For sustainable consumption, the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of consumption impacts should be concerned to transform consumption styles. Most of environmental pressure can be alleviated not only by technical improvements and material recycling, but also by the development of economic sectors in cluster 1.     

改进遗传算法在污水处理工艺优选决策指标权值确定中的应用

构建了基于模糊聚类的改进遗传算法（简称FMGA）,用于污水处理工艺优选决策指标权值的确定。FMGA的数值仿真结果表明,该算法能有效避免早熟收敛,能在较短时间内获取指标权值并且运算过程稳定。最后,将FMGA用于确定三峡库区城镇污水处理工艺优选决策指标的权值。结果表明,经济（0．2602）〉技术（0．2094）〉能耗（0．...     

A study on the Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balance, and Regional Nitrogen Flow Through Crop Production

The spatial distribution patterns of the nitrogen and phosphorus input/intake amounts in crop production within two small basins are examined, based upon a cropping unit distribution map that is obtained from remote sensing data analysis. Firstly, we examine the availability and suitability of approaches to the spatial distribution analysis of cultivation patterns classified from material flow characteristics of crop production using seasonal remote-sensing data. Secondly, material flow units in crop production are grouped according to the cultivation patterns obtained from the remote-sensing data analysis. Consequently, the spatial patterns of the amounts of both nitrogen and phosphorus inputs/intakes through crop production on farmland are examined and their spatial distribution maps are prepared according to the material flow units. In addition, we developed a nitrogen flow and runoff model and the model is simulated based on the examination of the results of spatial distribution patterns of the material flow units. The annual nitrogen runoff from small catchments, where various crops are cultivated, varies from 2.7 kg ha^–1 year^–1 to 108 kg ha^–1 year^–1 and the annual balanced losses of nitrogen in small catchments varied from –30 kg ha^–1 year^–1 to 101 kg ha^–1 year^–1. Also, the monthly changes in soil nitrogen of each material flow unit is estimated at –55 kg ha^–1 as a maximum decrease and 114 kg ha^–1 as a maximum increase. These results indicate that the spatial distribution patterns of nutrient input and intake through agricultural activities should be considered when analyzing the material flows and nutritient movement in soil–water systems in rural areas for watershed environmental control and regional agricultural management.