Comparisons of particulate-bound mercury (PBM) compositions in soil and vegetation at a traffic site

This investigation analyzes the particulate-bound mercury (PBM) compositions in soil and vegetation at a traffic sampling site in Taichung, Taiwan, during a sampling period from October to December, 2015. A direct mercury analyzer (DMA-80) was used to measure the particulate-bound mercury (PBM). A T-test was conducted to determine the mean differences between the PBM composition in soil and that in vegetation at the site. The results indicate that 1) the mean particulate-bound mercury compositions in soil and vegetation were the lowest in November, when the (mean OR average) wind speed was the highest (4.1 m/s); 2) Particulate-bound mercury compositions (PBM) in both soil and vegetation correlated weakly with temperature, humidity and wind speed; 3) T-test statistical results denoted that the PBM compositions did not significantly differ between soil and vegetation in the three-month sampling period.     

长三角背景地区秋冬季节大气气态总汞含量特征研究

利用Tekran 2537B大气汞分析仪于2009年9月15日～2009年12月17日对上海崇明岛大气气态总汞(TGM)进行了连续监测.监测期间,崇明地区气态总汞的平均含量为2.50 ng·m-3±1.50 ng·m-3,高于北半球背景浓度1.5～1.7 ng·m-3,月均浓度9月<10月<11月<12月.9～12月,崇明地区气态总汞含量的日变化规律为上午08:00～10:00出现峰值,白天气态总汞浓度水平与夜间基本一致.崇明地区气态总汞含量和一氧化碳含量具有较好的相关性,表明崇明地区大气汞主要来自火电厂和工业锅炉的燃煤排放.从风向和后向轨迹模型分析的结果来看,崇明岛的大气汞主要来自西部的大陆地区,尤其是位于崇明西北部的江苏、山东等地.9月和10月盛行来自海面的东风,因而气态总汞含量较低,11月和12月盛行来自大陆工业区的西北风,导致崇明气态总汞含量较高.     

Umbilical cord blood mercury levels in China

Mercury (Hg) is a well-known neurotoxicant. Hg exposure at high levels can harm individuals of all ages. Even low level exposure to Hg can damage the brain of fetuses and young children, and affect their central nervous system and cognitive development. The aims of our study were to measure total Hg levels in infant umbilical cord blood and to investigate the risk factors associated with total Hg cord blood levels in various cities in China. Our goal was to provide clues for the prevention of Hg exposure in utero. The results indicated that the average cord blood mercury levels (CBMLs) were (1.81 ± 1.93) μg/L, which were lower than those found in most previous studies. The concentrations also differed according to geographic region. The CBMLs were not only associated with family economic and living conditions, but also with diet in pregnant women, especially the intake of marine fish, shellfish, poultry, formula milk and fruits.     

Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of mercury in sediments of Lake Taihu, China

Spatial distribution patterns of total mercury (THg) in 36 surficial sediment samples representing five regions of Lake Taihu were assessed using the ArcGis geostatistical analyst module. The pollution levels of THg were also evaluated from the same five lake regions. Concentrations of THg were in a ranged of 23-168 ng/g (mean 55 ng/g) in surfical sediments, which was significantly higher than those established baseline levels of the lake. Results of THg indicated that the northern region exhibited notably higher values, the bay regions showed elevated values relative to open areas, and the lakeside regions were higher than those observed in the central area. Lake Taihu suffered moderate to high Hg pollution, and expressed clear Hg enrichment status according to monomial pollution index I geo and human activity factors. The concentrations of THg in the surficial sediments of Lake Taihu showed moderate-strong variation (coefficient of variation 52%). Geostatistical analysis indicated a weak spatial self-correlation, suggesting the contamination of Hg in Lake Taihu is primarily the result of anthropogenic activities.     

Mercury removal using ground and calcined mussel shell

We determined mercury retention on calcined and ground mussel shell, in presence and absence of phosphate, using batch and stirred flow chamber experiments. In batch experiments the calcined shell exhibited higher Hg adsorption, with good fitting to Freundlich equation （R^2： 0.925-0.978）; the presence of phosphate increased Hg adsorption; mercury desorption was 13% or lower, diminishing up to 2% under the presence of phosphates. In stirred flow chamber experiments calcined shell retained more Hg than ground shells （6300 vs. 4000-5200 μmol/kg）; Hg retention increased an additional 40% on calcined shell and up to an additional 70% on ground shells when phosphates were present; mercury desorption was quite similar in all shell types （20%-34%）, increasing up to 49%-60% in ground shells when phosphates were present. The higher Hg adsorption on calcined shell would be related to its calcite and dolomite concentrations; mercury-phosphate interactions would cause the increase in Hg retention when phosphates are present. Data on Hg desorption suggest that Hg retention was not easily reversible after batch experiments, increasing in the stirred flow chamber due to convective flow. Calcined and ground mussel shells could be recycled removing Hg from water, with the presence of phosphates in solution improving efficacy.     

强化SCR脱硝催化剂转化零价汞的初步研究

常规的选择性还原脱硝(SCR)催化剂对烟气中的零价汞具有一定的催化氧化作用,从而有利于提高下游的除汞效率。但在烟气HCl浓度较低时,SCR催化剂对燃煤烟气中的零价汞催化氧化效果较差。为了提高SCR催化剂对零价汞的催化氧化效果,在现有SCR催化剂基础上,通过负载其它金属元素的方法,对其进行改性掺杂。结果发现,负载锰氧化物的Mn/SCR催化剂,对零价汞的催化氧化作用明显提高,而将其再掺杂Mo后,其催化氧化性能得到更进一步提高。在反应温度350℃的条件下,加入7.5 mg/m3HCl,Mo-Mn/SCR对零价汞的催化氧化效率接近90%,而常规SCR催化剂只有35%左右。另外,Mo只有在与Mn结合使用,其促进作用才能较显著地体现出来。对改性后的SCR催化剂的脱硝性能研究表明,掺杂Mo-Mn元素对于SCR的脱硝性能无明显影响。     

固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定水中的甲基汞

根据巯基棉在一定酸性条件下能定量吸附甲基汞的原理,利用多通道并联的固相萃取装置,采用气相色谱（ECD）方法测定饮用水中痕量甲基汞,考察了水样pH值对回收率的影响。方法在10．0ug／L～50．0ug／L范围内线性良好,当采样体积为1．0L时,检出限为0．06ng／L,样品平行测定的加标回收率在79．6％-82．8％,相对标准偏差为2．5％。     

典型锌冶炼工艺的汞污染源去向分析及其监控方案研究

通过分析锌冶炼的典型工艺流程,梳理出汞污染在锌冶炼中的来源及去向。根据现有情况提出锌冶炼行业中汞污染的可行性监控方案,提出一定的建议。     

三峡水库消落带植物汞的分布特征

以三峡库区重庆段忠县石宝寨、涪陵珍溪和开县汉丰湖消落带为主要研究地点,调查并采集了植物样品,分析样品总汞和甲基汞,探讨三峡水库消落带植物汞的分布特征及植物汞库存量.结果表明,调查区域消落带植物总汞含量在(1.62±0.57)~(49.42±3.93)μg·kg-1范围,植物各部位总汞的含量呈根叶茎的趋势分布;植物甲基汞含量在(15.27±7.09)~(1 974.67±946.10)ng·kg-1范围,植物根部甲基汞含量高于茎和叶.同类植物中,开县汉丰湖消落带植物总汞和甲基汞含量均较忠县石宝寨、涪陵珍溪镇消落带植物略高;不同高程植物总汞及甲基汞储存量存在差异,145~150、150~160、160~170和170~175 m高程的植物总汞储存量分别为145.3、166.4、124.3和88.2 mg·hm-2,甲基汞储存量分别为1.9、2.7、3.6和3.2 mg·hm-2.消落带优势种植物对总汞的富集能力相对较弱(BAF1),而对甲基汞的富集能力相对较强(BAF1).     

重庆市垃圾焚烧厂汞的分布特征与大气汞排放因子研究

垃圾焚烧是大气汞的重要排放源之一.为了解重庆市垃圾焚烧行业大气汞污染水平,研究选取了重庆市典型生活垃圾焚烧厂和医疗垃圾焚烧厂,采用美国环保署的30B标准方法对烟气汞排放进行了现场测试,同时采集垃圾焚烧后的飞灰和炉渣样品进行分析.结果表明,测试得到生活垃圾焚烧厂和医疗垃圾焚烧厂排放的烟气中汞质量浓度分别为(26.4±22.7)μg·m-3和(3.1±0.8)μg·m-3;生活垃圾和医疗垃圾焚烧飞灰中汞含量分别为(5 279.2±798.0)μg·kg-1和(11 709.5±460.5)μg·kg-1.生活垃圾焚烧过程中仅0.7%汞残留在炉渣中,65.3%在飞灰中,烟气排放占34.0%,脱汞效率为66.0%;医疗垃圾焚烧过程中0.2%汞残留在炉渣中,67.5%存在飞灰中,烟气排放占32.3%,脱汞效率为67.7%.实测得到重庆市生活垃圾焚烧和医疗垃圾焚烧厂大气汞排放因子分别为(126.7±109.0)μg·kg-1和(46.5±12.0)μg·kg-1.与国内珠三角地区生活垃圾焚烧厂相比,重庆市生活垃圾焚烧厂的大气汞排放因子较低.