曝气生物滤池中碳和氮代谢特性

用充填陶瓷滤料的曝气生物滤池研究碳和氮代谢特性.曝气生物滤池进水氨氮为52 mg/L左右、COD为100 mg/L左右和回流比为200%时,经过20多d的运行,出水氨氮小于0.05 mg/L、COD小于25 mg/L、亚硝态氮为4.7 mg/L和硝态氮为7.1 mg/L,COD去除率达75%,氨氮去除率达99.9%,总氮去除率达78%;过大和过小的回流比对曝气生物滤池的运行性能都是不利的.研究成果可以应用于一般城市污水以及含低COD、高氨氮工业废水的处理.     

Isolation and characterization of Sporobolomyces sp. LF1 capable of degradingchlorimuron-ethyl

A yeast strain which was capable of degrading sulfonylurea herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl named as LF1 was isolated from achlorimuron-ethyl contaminated soil near the warehouse of the factory producing chlorimuron-ethyl in Shenyang City, Northeast China.The strain was identified as Sporobolomyces sp., based on its morphological and physiological characteristics and the phylogeneticanalysis of 18S rRNA gene sequence. So far, this is the only yeast strain of Sporobolomyces sp. which is able to degrade chlorimuronethyl.Incubation tests showed that when the initial concentration of chlorimuron-ethyl in culture was 5 mg/L, LF1 could degrade morethan 77% of the herbicide after incubation for 4 d at 30°C. The possible mechanism of chlorimuron-ethyl degradation by LF1 could bethe acidic hydrolysis caused by the acids from the metabolism of the yeast strain. Further study should be conducted to examine thepathways of chlorimuron-ethyl degradation by LF1 and to approach the feasibility of using LF1 to degrade the chlorimuron-ethyl insoil system.     

能量解偶联代谢对剩余污泥的减量化研究

采用3,3′,4′,5四氯水杨酰苯胺(TCS)作为代谢解偶联剂添加到活性污泥工艺中,连续曝气分批培养实验结果表明,TCS以固体方式投加的效果好于液态投加,每天投加12mg,相当于液态浓度1mg/L,可使污泥产量49%。在30d的运行期间,每天分别在4个反应器中添加TCS5.0、8、10和12mg,出水氨氮及总氮浓度均未受影响,但污泥的COD去除能力有所下降,当投加12mg时,COD去除率比对照下降了8.9%。污泥的SVI值有所上升,但沉降性能未见有明显影响。污泥微生物的种群结构发生了改变。     

茂兰保护区小生境土壤微生物活性研究

以茂兰国家级自然保护区内三种植被（原生林、次生林、灌木林）下的土壤为研究对象,探讨了小生境土壤微生物数量、微生物量碳（BC）、微生物量氮（BN）、微生物熵（qSMBC）、基础呼吸及代谢熵（qCO2）的变化特征。结果表明：微生物数量、BC、BN、基础呼吸、qSMBC基本呈现石沟〉土面的趋势,qCO2则表现为土面〉石沟,即...     

城市生活垃圾循环利用系统物质代谢框架的构建

讨论了传统的物质流分析（MFA）方法用于城市生活垃圾代谢分析的适用性及不足之处,在此基础上结合城市生活垃圾的处理流程,对传统的MFA框架进行了改进,构建了适合城市生活垃圾代谢分析的框架,并对新框架的3个模块进行了详细的说明,建立了相应的评价指标体系并给出了应用实例。城市生活垃圾循环利用系统物质代谢分析框架能够清楚地描述生活垃圾进入经济系统后的具体流向和流量,为描述城市生活垃圾的代谢情况提供了定性及定量化的分析工具。     

生物除磷生化代谢模型的研究进展

阐述了在生物除磷过程中生化代谢模型的建立与发展,分别介绍了早期的Comeau/Wentzel模型和Mino模型,在生物除磷代谢模型发展上有重要意义的Smolder模型和Delft模型,以及目前较被关注的反硝化除磷模型和国际水协(IWA)提出的ASM2和ASM2D模型.从而提出将生物除磷模型同化学除磷模型相结合,与在线监测技术发展融合,并且在模型中加入更多的环境因素将是生化除磷模型的主要发展方向.     

中国汽车行业钢铁物质流代谢研究

汽车行业在我国发展迅速,汽车行业的钢铁物质流代谢在整个国民经济的钢铁物质流代谢系统中的影响已不可忽视。研究中国汽车行业钢铁物质流代谢对再生资源利用产业、再制造行业的发展具有重要的意义。结合系统动力学方法及相关经验模型对中国汽车行业钢铁物质流代谢进行研究。首先通过Gompertz模型研究了世界主要国家汽车千人保有量与时间的关系,以此为参照设定中国汽车千人保有量随时间变化的相关参数。其次利用中国汽车行业钢铁物质流循环代谢的系统动力学模型,对系统关键流量、存量的动态变化过程进行考察分析,通过设定不同情景、不同寿命分布,研究中国汽车报废量、钢板和零件耗钢量随时间变化的规律,并探讨了零件再制造、汽车轻型化等问题。选取汽车千人保有量为260辆/千人的中等情景进行分析,考察时间为2011-2050年,结果表明报废汽车年折钢量与汽车行业钢材年消耗量比值不断上升,最终可达到1.2;再制造行业潜力巨大,零件再制造数量将近8亿件;延长汽车4 a寿命,可减少近一半的汽车报废量;通过轻型化,钢材年消耗量可减少18%,减少近650万t,累计减少1亿多吨钢材,节省大量资源,经济和环境效益显著。     

废水中硝基酚类化合物生物降解的研究进展

硝基酚是一类重要且常用的化工原料,一些硝基酚毒性大且难以生物降解,被美国环保局列入“优先控制污染物名单”。在自然环境条件下,硝基酚的生物降解速率缓慢,导致硝基酚在环境中长期滞留和积累。分析了人工强化条件下废水中硝基酚的生物降解性能,主要从具有降解硝基酚能力的微生物、硝基酚的厌氧生物降解性、硝基酚的好氧生物降解性和硝基酚的共基质代谢降解方面进行了较全面的综述,讨论了该研究当前仍存在的一些问题和研究展望。     

鼎湖山主要植被类型土壤微生物生物量研究

对鼎湖山国家级自然保护区3种主要植被类型：季风常绿阔叶林，针阔叶混交林和马尾松林土壤微生物生物量进行了研究。结果表明，土壤微生物生物量（mg.kg^-1）在季风常绿阔叶林、针阔叶混交林和马尾松林中分别为：822，588，530，季风常绿阔叶林显著高于针阔叶混交林和马尾松林（P〈0．01），而针阔叶混交林和马尾松林无显著差异（P〉0．05）；土壤中微生物量高的土壤中，有机碳含量也相应高，两者的比值可反应土壤碳的积累或损失，研究表明，鼎湖山3种主要植被类型土壤均处于碳积累过程；季风常绿阔叶林、针阔叶混交林和马尾松林土壤微生物碳周转量（t.hm^-2．a^-1）依次为：14．07，11．45，9，60，碳素的周转带动了其他营养元素的循环和能量的流动；土壤微生物代谢熵（mg.g^-1．h^-1）由低到高依次是季风常绿阔叶林（0．59）、针阔叶混交林（0．96）和马尾松林（1．33），表明土壤微生物对土壤碳的利用效率季风常绿阔叶林较高，马尾松林较低。     

Ecological network and emergy analysis of urban metabolic systems: Model development,and a case study of four Chinese cities

Analysis of the structure and function of urban metabolic systems is an important goal of urban research. We used network pathways and network utility analysis to analyze the basic network structure of the urban metabolic system and the complex ecological relationships within the system, providing a new way to perform such research. Using four Chinese cities as examples, we developed an ecological network model of the urban metabolic system. By using network pathway analysis, we studied the changing relationships between metabolic length and the number of metabolic pathways, and between metabolic length and reachability. Based on the distribution of the number of metabolic pathways, we describe the basic structure and intercompartment relationships of the system. By using the sign distribution in the network utility matrix, we determined the ecological relationships and degree of mutualism between the compartments of the system. The basic components of the system consisted of the internal environment, the external environment, and the agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors. With increasing metabolic length, the ecological relationships among the components of the system became more diverse, and the numbers of metabolic paths and their reachability improved. Although the basic network structure of the four cities was identical, the mutualism index differed. Beijing's mutualism index was superior to that of Shanghai, and much higher than those of Tianjin and Chongqing. By analyzing the structure and function of the urban metabolic system, we provide suggestions for optimizing the structure and adjusting the relationships, and propose methods for the application of ecological network analysis in future urban system research.