淤泥优势菌对手性农药2,4-滴丙酸甲酯的对映体选择性降解

考察了手性农药2,4-滴丙酸甲酯(DCPPM)生物降解过程中的对映体选择性,通过驯化、培养分离了1株对其具有降解能力的菌株DP,并且运用手性毛细管气相色谱测定了DCPPM在降解过程中的对映体分数(EF),评价了DCPPM在水相中的对映体选择性生物降解.研究表明在菌株DP接种过的介质中,2个对映异构体均被迅速降解,但是R型DCPPM的逸散速度明显快于相对应的S型;EF值发生了显著的偏离,从一开始的0.5变化到最后的1.证实了该菌种对DCPPM的降解存在着对映体选择性.     

合成水滑石治理水体阴离子染料污染研究

利用不同层电荷的合成水滑石（层状双氢氧化物）和它们的焙烧态为吸附剂，系统考察了此类材料对于甲基橙染料的吸附保留行为，通过粉末X射线衍射，傅立叶红外和扫描电镜测试说明经水热处理得到的合成水滑石具有良好的结晶度和相纯度．水滑石及其焙烧态对于甲基橙阴离子染料的吸附研究主要采用间歇平衡法实验，吸附体系的电导率变化显示了水滑石的记忆效应，并有可能是焙烧态水滑石再生的动态过程反应低浓度甲基橙在焙烧态水滑石上的吸附实验说明，水滑石层电荷密度对于其焙烧态氧化物吸附低浓度阴离子具有显著的影响。     

Ca(OH)2解吸并固定混合吸收液中CO2的实验研究

CO₂化学吸收法分离纯度高,技术成熟,但能耗过高及成本是困扰该技术发展的瓶颈.在常压条件下对利用Ca（OH）₂直接矿物碳酸化固定MDEA/PZ混合吸收富液中CO₂进行了一系列实验研究,考察了吸收液负荷、Ca（OH）₂投加量、pH、温度及搅拌速率等因素对解吸率的影响,并利用动态吸收-解吸循环实验研究了其CO₂吸收性能和循环使用稳定性,最后对碳酸化反应产物进行了XRD、TEM分析.结果表明,在常压条件下,Ca（OH）₂可以通过液相直接矿物碳酸化对CO₂进行直接固定,并实现吸收富液的再生;随着负荷的升高及Ca（OH）₂投加量、pH、搅拌速率的增大,解吸率随之增加;随着溶液温度升高,解吸率下降;经过5次动态吸收-解吸循环实验后CO₂吸收量可以达到并保持在0.57 mol·L^-1,显示出了良好的循环稳定性.     

气相色谱法测定固定污染源废气中氯甲基甲醚和二氯甲基醚的研究

氯甲基甲醚(CMME)和二氯甲基醚(BCME)属于确认人类致癌物,因此,建立精准、绿色的CMME和BCME检测分析方法十分必要。基于2,4,6-三氯苯酚+乙醇钠+乙醇衍生化体系,利用气相色谱法(电子捕获检测器)测定了固定污染源废气中的CMME和BCME,并且系统地优化了采样条件、衍生化条件,确定了衍生化产物的结构及衍生比率。结果表明：工作曲线相关系数均大于0.990;当采样量为10 L时,检出限均为0.003 mg/m³;当实际样品加标量分别为0.010、0.100、1.00 mg/m³时,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为15%～16%、8.9%～13%、10%～11%,加标回收率分别为89.2%～90.8%、75.3%～78.6%、76.5%～77.2%。     

Metabolism-independent chemotaxis of Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3 toward aromatic compounds

Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3 utilized methyl parathion or para-nitrophenol (PNP) as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy, and methyl parathion hydrolase had been previously characterized. Its chemotactic behaviors to aromatics were investigated. The results indicated that strain WBC-3 was attracted to multiple aromatic compounds, including metabolizable or transformable substrates PNP, 4-nitrocatechol, and hydroquinone. Disruption of PNP catabolic genes had no e?ect on its chemotactic behaviors w...     

Experimental and DFT insights into nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanotubes for effective desulfurization of liquid phases: Equilibrium & kinetic study

• Synthesis of NS-CNTS is used in a high desulfurization performance. • Synthesizing NS-CNT is considered as a novel adsorbent from low-cost precursors. • A high sulfur removal capacity for NS-CNT is attained compared with recent works. Herein, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanotubes (NS-CNT) adsorbents were synthesized via the chemical vapor deposition technique at 1000°C by employing the camphor, urea and sulfur trioxide pyridine. In this study, desulfurization of two types of mercaptans (dibenzothiophene (DBT) and tertiary butyl mercaptan (TBM) as nonlinear and linear forms of mercaptan) was studied. In this regard, a maximum capacity of NS-CNT was obtained as 106.9 and 79.4 mg/g and also the removal efficiencies of 98.6% and 88.3% were achieved after 4 h at 298K and 0.9 g of NS-CNT for DBT and TBM, respectively. Characterization of the NS-CNTs was carried out through exploiting scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and elemental analysis (CHN). The isotherm equilibrium data could be ascribed to the Freundlich nonlinear regression form and the kinetic data was fitted by nonlinear form of the pseudo second order model. The negative values of ΔS⁰, ΔH⁰ and ΔG⁰ specify that the adsorption of both types of mercaptans was a natural exothermic process with a reduced entropy. Maintenance of more than 96% of the adsorption capacity even after nine cycles suggest the NS-CNT as a superior adsorbent for mercaptans removal in the industry. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also performed to peruse the effects of S/N co-doping and carbon monovacancy defects in CNTs toward the adsorption of DBT and TBM.     

固定化微生物法处理含甲硫醇恶臭气体

采用液相曝气方式驯化培养污水厂活性污泥，获得具有降解甲硫醇能力的优势微生物菌群。同时用海藻酸钠包埋固定化微生物，研究固定化微生物颗粒填充床去除甲硫醇恶臭气体的工艺过程。液相曝气培养研究表明：降解甲硫醇的微生物菌群适宜的ｐＨ值为５．２～９．０，最佳ｐＨ条件为弱碱性。已驯化微生物的离心浓缩回收率为７１．２％，颗粒填充床生物脱臭塔运行实验表明：在空塔停留时间不大于１３ｓ，对低浓度甲硫醇气体（〈１２．９ｍ     

嘧磺隆对农作物的毒性及残效危害研究

利用盆栽试验研究了不同质量浓度嘧磺隆对大白菜、小麦的毒性及其残效危害。结果表明，嘧磺隆对大白菜和小麦均可产生明显毒害症状，生物学指标明显劣于对照；嘧磺隆可降低大白菜和小麦叶绿素含量，并使叶片细胞膜和原生质遭到破坏，导致叶片浸出液电导率增大；当嘧磺隆质量浓度为0．01mg／L时，对大白菜的产量有品著影响，可使产量降低51．1％；嘧磺隆质量浓度大于0．1mg／L时，其残效对后茬作物有毒害作用，而质量浓度小于0．01mg／L时则没有明显影响；在小麦返青期用质量浓度大于0．01mg／L的嘧磺隆处理时，小麦受到不同程度的危害，当质量浓度增大到0．1mg／L时，小麦生物学产量则显著下降。     

Persistence of methyl <Emphasis Type="Italic">tertiary</Emphasis> butyl ether (MTBE) against metabolism by Danish vegetation

BACKGROUND: Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is the second most highly produced industrial chemical in the US and a frequent groundwater pollutant. At the same time, MTBE is quite persistent to biotic and abiotic decomposition. The goal of this study was to find plant species that could degrade MTBE and might be used in phytoremediation. METHODS: Excised roots and leaves (0.3 g) from more than 24 Danish plant species out of 15 families were kept in glass vessels with 25 ml spiked aqueous solution for 2 to 4 days. MTBE concentrations were 1 to 5 mg/L. Samples were taken directly from the solution with a needle and injected to a purge and trap unit. MTBE and the main metabolite, TBA, were measured by GC/FID. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Solutions with roots of poplar (Populus robusta) and a willow hybrid (Salix viminalis x schwerinii) produced TBA in trace amounts, probably stemming from bacteria. Significant MTBE reduction (> 10%) was not observed in any of the tests. Leaves from none of the species (trees, grasses and herbs) reduced the concentration of MTBE in the solution and no TBA, nor any other known metabolite of MTBE, was detected. CONCLUSION: It was not possible to find plants capable of efficiently degrading MTBE. This gives rise to the conclusion that plants probably cannot degrade MTBE at all, or only very slowly. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: For phytoremediation projects, this has, as consequence, that the volatilization by plants (except with genetically engineered plants) is the only relevant removal process for MTBE. For risk assessment of MTBE, degradation by the plant empire is not a relevant sink process.     

Synthesis of C-labelled PCB methyl sulphones

Five methylsulphonyltetrachloro-(¹⁴C)biphenyls and three methylsulphonylpentachloro-(¹⁴C)biphenyls were synthesized, 3,4-Dichloro-(¹⁴C)aniline was reacted with 2,3- and 2,6-dichlorothioanisole and 2,4,5-trichloro-(¹⁴C)aniline with 2,5-dichlorothioanisole. The PCB methyl sulphides were oxidized with hydrogen peroxide to the corresponding sulphones.