微波强化内电解处理活性艳红染料废水

提出了一种微波强化内电解处理染料废水的新方法,结果表明:微波不仅可以再生炭铁混合物,而且可以氧化分解活性炭吸附的染料;铁屑不仅与活性炭构成内电解作用,同时还可以促进微波再生活性炭;微波作用多次后炭铁混合物对废水的去除率仍能保持色度去除率99%、COD去除率64%;同时探讨了微波作用时间、微波作用次数、铁屑粒径、炭铁比例和pH值等因素对废水去除率的影响,并初步探讨了其反应机理。     

微波无极灯:一种具有前景的高效光催化光源

微波无极灯具有制造容易、价格低廉、能耗小和光强大等优点。作为光催化氧化的光源时,由于微波的协同作用可有效提高光催化活性,并能简化反应器。从发光机理、微波协同作用、优缺点和影响因素等方面,对微波无极灯在光催化领域的研究进行详细阐述。     

吸附邻氯酚的超高交联树脂微波辅助再生研究

以NDA-150超高交联树脂为吸附剂,邻氯酚为吸附质,氢氧化钠稀溶液为脱附剂,采用微波间歇辐照的方法,对吸附氯酚树脂的再生过程进行了研究.系统分析了微波功率、辐照时间、碱液浓度对脱附效果的影响,并确定了最佳脱附条件.结果表明,微波辐照再生速度非常快.与传统热脱附不同,微波再生过程中脱附效率并不随碱浓度的增加而升高,微波辐照功率和辐照时间对脱附效果影响明显.树脂经多批次微波辐照,吸附性能和化学结构保持稳定.     

微波辅助光催化降解水中苯酚

利用改装的家用微波炉、微波无电极灯(EDLs)和TiO₂催化剂研究了水溶液中苯酚的光催化降解效果.结果表明,反应30 min,微波辅助光催化(MAPC)能去除92%的苯酚,溶液总有机碳(TOC)减少84%.MAPC的最佳反应条件为:苯酚初始浓度10 mg/L,微波功率900 W,反应液体积50 mL,EDLs-3,催化剂用量1～4 g/L,循环态流速15 mL/min.MAPC处理含酚废水具有较好的应用潜能.     

微波超视距雷达大气波导环境

针对岸基/舰载微波超视距雷达远距离海上低空或海面目标探测的实际需求,首先对大气波导的直接测量和遥感反演等探测方法进行了分析比较,基于对大气波导形成机制和中尺度数值预报模式的分析,指出了有效预报大气波导需要解决的3个基本问题,最后对微波超视距雷达电波传播模型和评估方法进行了讨论。     

浸渍-微波法载铁活性炭对双酚A的吸附

通过浸渍-微波法制得载铁粉末活性炭,并用XRD、Boehm滴定法、碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值对其进行了物化表征,研究了其对双酚A的吸附性能。结果表明:经改性后,铁在活性炭上的负载形态主要为α-Fe和Fe3O4;活性炭的石墨化程度降低,碳的表面裸露点有所减少;载铁活性炭表面碱性含氧基团含量显著增加,表面酸性含氧基团含量减少;碘吸附值和亚甲基兰吸附值分别增加了28.25%和29.63%,即微孔率及中孔率均有所提高。载铁活性炭对双酚A的吸附等温线可以用Freundlich方程拟合,相关系数R2>0.900,原活性炭和载铁活性炭的吸附常数Kf分别为1.940 mg.L1/n/(g.mg1/n)和2.250 mg.L1/n/(g.mg1/n);载铁活性炭对双酚A的吸附动力学过程可以用Lagergren准二级动力方程拟合,相关系数R2>0.990,原活性炭和载铁活性炭的吸附速率常数Kad分别为0.014 min-1和0.021 min-1。     

过氧化氢-敏化剂强化污泥微波预处理溶胞效果的研究

提高污泥溶胞效率是强化污泥厌氧处理的关键.为加强污泥微波预处理溶胞效果,本研究分别考察了常压、半封闭条件下二氧化钛颗粒、碳质材料作为敏化剂与过氧化氢联合进行微波污泥预处理的效果.结果表明,碳质材料敏化剂对微波、过氧化氢-微波污泥预处理产生了负作用,降低了污泥的溶胞效果,而二氧化钛能有效增加污泥中营养物质的释放.当二氧化钛颗粒投加量为0.12 g·g~(-1)干污泥时,SCOD、PO_4~(3-)-P的浓度比单独微波处理分别增加了11.86%、61%;当二氧化钛颗粒投加量为0.24 g·g~(-1)干污泥时,NH_4~+-N释放比单独微波处理高出27.78%.微波辐射作用下投加二氧化钛颗粒产生了羟基自由基,强化了过氧化氢-微波对污泥细胞的氧化作用.     

Treatment of Heavy Oil Contaminated Sand by Microwave Energy

Abstract Microwave (MW) was applied to enhance the removal of heavy oil (diesel and marine fuels) from contaminated sandy soil using granular activated carbon (GAC) as the dielectric medium. Adding GAC to the surface layer of the sand containing diesel fuel or marine fuel and subjecting the soil to 700 W MW irradiation for 30?s led to better removal efficiencies than without GAC addition by 9.5% (92.5% vs. 83%) for diesel fuel, and 11.5% (89.5% vs. 78%) for marine fuel. Additionally, GAC is an excellent MW absorbing material for converting MW energy into thermal energy. When GAC is added as the dielectric medium to convert the MW energy, the soil temperature rose from 52°C to 64°C, because the heat was transferred from GAC to the soil through GAC–soil interface. Meanwhile, volatile gas contained in the soil passes through the soil-GAC interface to reach the high-temperature GAC where the heavy oil is thermally cracked.     

Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution with bamboo charcoal chemically modified by iron and cobalt with the assistance of microwave

Bamboo charcoal (BC) was used as starting material to prepare Co-Fe binary oxideloaded adsorbent (Co-Fe-MBC) through its impregnation in Co(NO3)2 , FeCl3 and HNO3 solutions simultaneously, followed by microwave heating. The low-cost composite was characterized and used as an adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from water. The results showed that a cobalt and iron binary oxide (CoFe2O4 ) was uniformly formed on the BC through redox reactions. The composite exhibited higher surface area (331 m2/g) than that of BC or BC loaded with Fe alone (Fe-MBC). The adsorption of Cr(VI) strongly depended on solution pH, temperature and ionic strength. The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir isotherm model well, and the maximum adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) at 288 K and pH 5.0 were 35.7 and 51.7 mg/g for Fe-MBC and Co-Fe-MBC, respectively. The adsorption processes were well fitted by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto both adsorbents was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic under the studied conditions. The spent Co-Fe-MBC could be readily regenerated for reuse.     

Removement of thiocyanate from industrial wastewater by microwave-Fenton oxidation method

The microwave radiation oxidation process, Fenton as catalytic agent, was used to remove the thiocyanate from the industrial wastewater. The effects of microwave power, radiation time, pH and the feeding in ways of catalyst on the degradation rate of synthetic wastewater were investigated using the microwave radiation oxidation process by orthogonal experiment. The results show Fenton catalyst ratio was 1:20, the microwave radiation power was 900 W, the microwave radiation time was 7 min and the value of pH was 3. Under the optimum conditions, the removal of KSCN can reach over 90%. The apparent kinetics of removal was studied, which conformed to kinetics first-class reaction. In short, for the thiocyanate from the industrial wastewater, microwave-Fenton oxidation method is feasible and effective.