垃圾填埋场室内模拟试验注水量确定方法及其应用

针对填埋场室内模拟试验往往忽略降雨径流和初损的问题,提出运用SCS模型确定室内模拟试验日注水量的方法,并将计算结果应用于成都长安填埋场室内模拟试验中.结果表明,采用SCS模型计算所得的日入渗量进行注水的模拟柱渗滤液产量和水质变化能够更准确的模拟填埋场实际情况.     

转炉煤气净化回收技术发展现状

介绍了氧气转炉煤气的干法和湿法净化回收技术的发展现状,着重二者的技术经济比较,阐述干法(LT法)的发展优势.     

多元回归在大气环境污染事故预测中的应用

运用多元回归法,通过预测模型的选择、数学模型的建立、基础数据的整理和回归效果的检验,建立环境污染范围与诸条件的关系,达到快速估算的目的,从而形成一种有效的大气环境污染事故范围预测的方法.     

动态规划法在污水处理厂优化设计中的应用

对具有代表性的系统优化模型进行分析比较,选用动态规划法对城市污水处理厂进行优化设计,得到了城市污水处理厂投资和运行的最优决策,为城市污水处理厂运行和设计提供了依据.     

泄漏液池动态蒸发过程模型研究与分析

指出了现有液体蔓延和蒸发模型的不足,根据质量守恒定律,推导建立了动态液池蒸发模型.在详细分析液池蔓延和蒸发过程的基础上,结合苯的泄漏,利用新建立的数学模型对苯的蔓延和蒸发进行了模拟分析.     

Modelling Phosphorus Retention in Lakes and Reservoirs

Steady-state models for the prediction of P retention coefficient (R) in lakes were evaluated using data from 93 natural lakes and 119 reservoirs situated in the temperate zone. Most of the already existing models predicted R relatively successfully in lakes while it was seriously under-estimated in reservoirs. A statistical analysis indicated the main causes of differences in R between lakes and reservoirs: (a) distinct relationships between P sedimentation coefficient, depth, and water residence time; (b) existence of significant inflow–outflow P concentration gradients in reservoirs. Two new models of different complexity were developed for estimating R in reservoirs: , where τ is water residence time (year), was derived from the Vollenweider/Larsen and Mercier model by adding a calibrated parameter accounting for spatial P non-homogeneity in the water body, and is applicable for reservoirs but not lakes, and , where [P_in] is volume-weighted P concentration in all inputs to the water body (μg l⁻¹), was obtained by re-calibrating the OECD general equation, and is generally applicable for both lakes and reservoirs. These optimised models yield unbiased estimates over a large range of reservoir types.     

Assessing the Effects of Alternative Setback Channel Constraint Scenarios Employing a River Meander Migration Model

River channel migration and cutoff events within large river riparian corridors create heterogeneous and biologically diverse landscapes. However, channel stabilization (riprap and levees) impede the formation and maintenance of riparian areas. These impacts can be mitigated by setting channel constraints away from the channel. Using a meander migration model to measure land affected, we examined the relationship between setback distance and riparian and off-channel aquatic habitat formation on a 28-km reach of the Sacramento River, California, USA. We simulated 100 years of channel migration and cutoff events using 11 setback scenarios: 1 with existing riprap and 10 assuming setback constraints from about 0.5 to 4 bankfull channel widths (bankfull width: 235 m) from the channel. The percentage of land reworked by the river in 100 years relative to current (riprap) conditions ranged from 172% for the 100-m constraint setback scenario to 790% for the 800-m scenario. Three basic patterns occur as the setback distance increases due to different migration and cutoff dynamics: complete restriction of cutoffs, partial restriction of cutoffs, and no restriction of cutoffs. Complete cutoff restriction occurred at distances less than about one bankfull channel width (235 m), and no cutoff restriction occurred at distances greater than about three bankfull widths (∼700 m). Managing for point bars alone allows the setbacks to be narrower than managing for cutoffs and aquatic habitat. Results suggest that site-specific “restriction of cutoff” thresholds can be identified to optimize habitat benefits versus cost of acquired land along rivers affected by migration processes.     

两种改良型活性污泥法在城市污水处理中的比较

介绍了2种改良型活性污泥法———氧化沟工艺和百乐克工艺的特点,并针对2种工艺实际应用中的情况,分析2种工艺在今后发展应用中的趋势。     

喷淋环栅式除尘脱硫反应器的数学模拟

研制了一种由内外圈构成的喷淋环栅式除尘脱硫反应装置,气、液两相在内外圈之间通向运动,紊流冲激环栅时接触传质。基于溶质渗透理论,提出了以内塔穿孔速率V,液气比L/G,吸收浆液pH值为参数的脱硫效率模型。对比某电厂工况条件下测得的一系列实验数据,显示出该模型与实际情况具有良好的一致性,表明该模型可以用来作为工程设计、最优化技术和推测工业数据的理论参考工具。     

居住区地下车库噪声在建筑群间的传播和影响模拟计算

针对城市居住区2种典型的建筑布局,结合随机点声源模型,对居住区内地下车库噪声影响进行了分析计算.通过实测值和预测值的比较,该预测模型精度较好.运用该模型预测规划与新建的居住区地下车库的噪声的影响,可为城市小区建设规划中有效控制噪声污染提供科学依据.