Ultrasensitive and selective 4-aminophenol chemical sensor development based on nickel oxide nanoparticles decorated carbon nanotube nanocomposites for green environment

Nickel oxide nanoparticles decorated carbon nanotube nanocomposites(Ni O·CNT NCs)were prepared in a basic medium by using facile wet-chemical routes. The optical,morphological, and structural properties of Ni O·CNT NCs were characterized using Fourier transformed infra-red(FT-IR), Ultra-violet visible(UV/Vis) spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), X-ray energy dispersed spectroscopy(XEDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and powder X-ray diffraction(XRD) methods. Selective4-aminophenol(4-AP) chemical sensor was developed by a flat glassy carbon electrode(GCE, surface area: 0.0316 cm~2) fabricated with a thin-layer of NCs. Electrochemical responses including higher sensitivity, large dynamic range(LDR), limit of detection(LOD), and long-term stability towards 4-AP were obtained using the fabricated chemical sensors. The calibration curve was found linear(R~2= 0.914) over a wide range of 4-AP concentration(0.1 nmol/L–0.1 mol/L). In perspective of slope(2 × 10~(-5)μA/μM), LOD and sensitivity were calculated as 15.0 ± 0.1 pM and ~ 6.33 × 10~(-4)μA/(μM·cm) respectively. The synthesized Ni O·CNT NCs using a wet-chemical method is a significant route for the development of ultrasensitive and selective phenolic sensor based on nano-materials for environmental toxic substances. It is suggested that a pioneer and selective development of 4-AP sensitive sensor using Ni O·CNT NCs by a facile and reliable current vs voltage(I–V)method for the major application of toxic agents in biological, green environmental, and health-care fields in near future.     

纳米级Pd/Fe-MWCNTs-Fe3O4体系对2,3-DCB的降解研究

为有效抑制纳米级Pd/Fe颗粒的团聚和钝化及改善磁分离效果,以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和磁性纳米级Fe_3O_4颗粒为载体,在超声波辐照下利用液相还原法制备纳米级Pd/Fe-MWCNTs-Fe_3O_4颗粒,并采用XRD、TEM、SEM、EDX及BET表征其物性,最后以2,3-二氯联苯(2,3-DCB)为目标污染物,探究其对2,3-DCB还原脱氯的影响因素、降解机理和动力学.结果表明:制备的纳米级颗粒粒径均匀、分散性好、比表面积大;体系中纳米级Pd/Fe投加量、钯化率、纳米级Fe_3O_4投加量、MWCNTs投加量、反应温度、溶液初始pH及共存阴离子均会对2,3-DCB的降解效果产生明显影响;本研究推测出纳米级Pd/Fe-MWCNTs-Fe_3O_4体系对2,3-DCB的降解机理,发现其降解符合拟一级动力学关系.     

Ca-Fe基磁性纳米复合材料对水体中磷的结晶回收

人类活动导致大量的不可再生的磷资源流失到水环境中造成水体富营养化,磷的结晶回收对废水治理、地表水管理和可持续发展具有重要意义。采用微波-冷却-回流和超声的方法制备Ca-Fe 基磁性纳米复合材料(CaCO₃-Fe₃O₄),通过批量吸附实验法系统探究了体系pH、接触时间、磷的初始浓度、共存离子等因素对复合材料去除水体中磷的影响规律。结果表明,CaCO₃-Fe₃O₄纳米磁性复合材料在pH=3.0~6.0内对磷表现出良好的去除效果,对磷的最大去除容量为189.21 mg·g⁻¹。复合材料对水体中的磷主要通过吸附-结晶耦合机制去除,在高浓度含磷废水中,磷以CaHPO₄·2H₂O的形式被回收。综合考虑磁分离的简易性、磷的去除容量和环境友好性,所制备的Ca-Fe基磁性复合材料在磷资源回收领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

凹凸棒石/氧化锌纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

采用化学沉淀法在凹凸棒石的表面负载纳米氧化锌合成了凹凸棒石/氧化锌(ATP/ZnO)纳米复合材料.同时,研究了亚甲基蓝在纳米复合材料上的吸附行为,并从热力学和动力学角度探讨了吸附作用机理.吸附实验表明:纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝有优异的吸附能力;纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附热力学符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,最大吸附量可达110.50mg·g-1,吸附焓变为18.69kJ·mol-1,吸附自由能变为-33.06～-22.74kJ·mol-1,吸附熵变约为146J.mol-1.K-1,是一个自发的吸热过程;纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,速率常数随着溶液初始浓度的提高而下降.     

纳米TiO2/CuO复合材料仿生合成及其光催化特性

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,甘氨酸为模板剂,水热法合成纳米TiO2/CuO复合材料,采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR、XPS、UV-VIS DRS等分析手段对TiO2/CuO复合材料的晶型结构、形貌、粒径及组成进行表征.结果表明,XRD、SEM证实TiO2/CuO复合材料由锐钛矿型TiO2和CuO组成,形貌呈花瓣薄片状纳米花球,花瓣厚约15 nm;FT-IR、XPS表明其含有Ti—O键和Cu—O键,且Ti呈+4价、Cu呈+2价;UV-VIS DR显示其在紫外-可见光区具有显著的光吸收能力.相比P25型TiO2,TiO2/CuO复合材料具有较好的光催化性能,光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的效率高达85%.这可能由于TiO2/CuO复合材料具有宽的可见光区域和窄的带隙,以及CuO对电子的捕获,促进了光生电子和空穴有效分离.     

钛基石墨烯复合材料的制备及其光催化还原Cr（VI）的研究

通过改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),再将氧化石墨烯和钛酸四丁酯作为初始反应物,利用溶剂热法制备Ti O_2/RGO纳米复合材料.利用SEM、TEM、XPS、XRD等分析手段对Ti O_2/RGO纳米复合材料进行表征,考察其在可见光照射条件下光催化还原水中Cr(Ⅵ)的效能,并对光催化还原机制进行了初步探讨.结果表明,Ti O_2/RGO复合材料的光催化还原能力与单一Ti O_2(P25)相比有了显著提高;复合材料中RGO含量、溶液p H值、催化剂投加量、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度均对光催化还原过程有所影响,当复合材料中RGO含量比例为2%、溶液p H值为2,催化剂投加量为40 mg时,光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的效率可达98%.光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的过程是吸附过程和光催化还原过程的共同作用结果,RGO不但提高了复合材料的吸附能力,还作为复合材料的电子导体,抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合,增强了复合材料的光催化性能.经过5次循环使用后,复合材料的光催化还原效率仍然保持在90%左右.     

Effect of Sequential Mixing and Compounding Conditions on Cellulose Acetate/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites

Injection molded nanocomposites have been successfully fabricated from cellulose acetate (CA), eco-friendly triethyl citrate (TEC) plasticizer, and organically modified clay with and without maleic anhydride grafted cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB-g-MA) as a compatibilizer. The effects of processing conditions such as mixing methods, pre-plasticizing times, extruder retention times (RT) and addition of compatibilizer on the performance of these nanocomposites have been evaluated. The cellulosic plastic with CA/TEC (80/20 wt%) was used as the polymer matrix for nanocomposite fabrication. The morphologies of these nanocomposites were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were measured and have been correlated with the XRD and TEM observations. From all of the sequential mixing methods used, powder–powder mixing leads to the most transparent nanocomposites. Cellulosic plastic-based nanocomposites obtained using increased pre-plasticizing times and RT showed better exfoliated structures. In the system containing compatibilizer, the minimum retention time required for obtaining almost completely exfoliated hybrid nanocomposites was shorter than in the system without compatibilizer.     

单轴拉伸下PVDF/POSS纳米复合材料的损伤模拟

目的研究PVDF及其氟化POSS纳米复合材料在单轴拉伸载荷下的损伤行为。方法首先依据实验结果和细观力学均匀化方法,建立纯PVDF和三种不同POSS含量PVDF/POSS纳米复合材料的颗粒掺杂有限元模型,并通过在实体单元之间嵌入可破坏的内聚力单元来模拟损伤。结果模拟得到的应力-应变关系与实验结果相吻合,证明了模拟结果的可靠性。损伤破坏的初始时间表明在破坏的初期阶段,POSS对于损伤有抑制作用,并且其效果随着POSS含量的增加而增强。损伤速度和最终的损伤面积和则表明质量分数在5%以下的POSS掺杂对于PVDF的损伤有抑制作用,并且随着POSS质量分数的增加其效果不断增强。当质量分数达到8%时,POSS的掺杂反而加速了PVDF的损伤。结论 POSS掺杂影响PVDF的损伤破坏,掺杂量对PVDF损伤破坏有抑制/促进作用,这一结果有助于理解实验所得到的力学参数的变化规律。     

碳纳米管接枝聚乙二醇负载ZnO的制备与表征

利用聚乙二醇接枝的多壁碳纳米管（MWNT-g-PEG）作为介质,在低温下,通过溶胶-凝胶法在PEG修饰后的MWNT表面负载花瓣状的纳米氧化锌（ZnO）。通过X射线衍射、红外波谱、扫描电镜和透射电镜对MWNT-g-PEG/ZnO纳米复合材料进行表征和分析。结果表明ZnO纳米粒子和MWNT之间结合紧密,ZnO的尺寸比较均一,推测了ZnO纳米粒子在MWNT表面的生长机理。MWNT表面的PEG对ZnO的负载起着重要的作用,它是ZnO原位生长的活性点。     

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of a Fe3O4–AgCl nanocomposite against Escherichia coli

In this investigation, Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared by the alkalinization of an aqueous medium containing ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride. In the next step, a Fe₃O₄–AgCl magnetic nanocomposite was fabricated by the drop-by-drop addition of silver nitrate solution into a NaCl solution containing Fe₃O₄ MNPs. All prepared nanoparticles were characterized by transition electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Both particle types varied in size from 2.5 to 20?nm, with an average size of 7.5?nm for Fe₃O₄ MNPs and 12.5?nm for Fe₃O₄–AgCl nanocomposites. The antibacterial effect of the Fe₃O₄ MNPs and fabricated Fe₃O₄–AgCl nanocomposites against Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218) were investigated by conventional serial agar dilution method using the Müller–Hinton Agar medium. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 4?mg?mL^?1 for Fe₃O₄ MNPs and 2?mg?mL^?1 for the Fe₃O₄–AgCl magnetic nanocomposites. Time-kill course assays showed that the Fe₃O₄–AgCl magnetic nanocomposites successfully killed all inoculated bacterial cells during an exposure time of 60?min. The antibacterial activity of recycled Fe₃O₄–AgCl magnetic nanocomposites over four 60?min cycles of antibacterial treatment was further tested against E. coli by the colony-forming unit (CFU) method. The antibacterial efficiency of the nanocomposites was constant over two cycles of antibacterial testing.