铀矿石堆浸尾渣的充填处置的研究

在此描述了铀矿石堆浸尾渣的充填处置的工艺和结果。在水力充填过程中加入渣量的 1%的石灰 充填滤水碱性循环工艺,可使它们均匀混合,以中和渣中的余酸,满足充填要求,减少铀矿石堆浸尾渣对环境造成的影响     

中和沉淀渣的稳定化研究

本研究用铁酸盐(FeSO_4·7H_2O)包复中和沉淀渣。实验证明,影响因素有加入的铁酸盐总量、反应温度、空气鼓泡速度、反应pH、氧化还原电位和加料次数。当加入铁酸盐总量减少时,包复效果变差;温度升高,对Mn包复不利;温度降低,使Cd、Cu和Zn的包复效果变坏;空气鼓泡速度变小,反应速度变慢;降低pH值,有利包复,但pH小于9时,不易控制;氧化还原电位对包复影响不明显;增加加料次数,有利包复。通过这种处理,在中和沉淀渣的小颗粒上形成完全的铁酸盐包复膜,在弱酸性条件下重金属离子不再浸出。     

净化去除酸性废水中不同价态砷的研究

根据净化含砷废水的铁盐中和法．通过理论分析和实验表明,在Ｆｅ／Ａｓ＝０．５—６．０范围内,铁盐中和法对废水中３价砷的去除率较其对５价砷的去除率平均低约６０％,证实了废水中的３价砷较５价砷难于去除。氧化剂选择研究表明,对于含砷量高的酸性废水,采用漂白粉［Ｃａ（Ｃ１０）２］氧化其中的３价砷最为适宜。对于含砷７８２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ＝１的酸性废水,采用氧化－铁盐中和法经一级处理后,废水中含砷量即可低于８ｍｇ／Ｌ．除砷率大于９９％,二级处理后出水中砷含量即可低于国家排放标准（０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ）。     

Influence of oxygen flow rate and compost addition on reduction of organic matter in aerated waste layer containing mainly incineration residue

Landfilling municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residue alkalizes the waste layer, causing a subsequent decrease in microbial activity and a delay in the decomposition of organic matter. In this study, efficiencies of neutralization of the leachate and organic matter decomposition in the waste layer in a column filled with MSWI residue using aeration and compost addition were evaluated.Total organic carbon (TOC) reduction in the waste layer is large at high oxygen flow rate (OFR). To effectively accelerate TOC reduction in the waste layer to which compost was added, a high OFR exceeding that by natural ventilation was required. At day 65, the pH of the leachate when OFR was above 102mol-O2/(day·m3) was lower than that when OFR was below 101mol-O2/(day·m3). At the same OFR, the pH of waste sample was lower than that of waste sample with compost. Although leachate neutralization could be affected by compost addition, TOC reduction in the waste layer became rather small. It is possible that humic substances in compost prevent the decomposition of TOC in MSWI residue.     

Quantifying the electron-donating and -accepting capacities of wastewater for evaluating and optimizing biological wastewater treatment processes

Biological processes have been widely used for the treatment of both domestic and industrial wastewaters. In such biological processes, pollutants are converted into pollution-free substances by microorganisms through oxidation-reduction reactions. Thus, how to quantify the internal oxidation-reduction properties wastewaters and seek out targeted countermeasures is essential to understand, operate, and optimize biological wastewater treatment systems. So far, no such approach is available yet. In this work, a novel concept of electron neutralization-based evaluation is proposed to describe the internal oxidation-reduction properties of wastewater. Pollutants in wastewater are defined as electron donor substances (EDSs) or electron acceptor substances (EASs), which could give or accept electrons, respectively. With such an electron neutralization concept, several parameters, i.e., electron residual concentration (R), economy-related index (E and E_r), and economical evaluation index (Y and Y_r), are defined. Then, these parameters are used to evaluate the performance and economic aspects of currently applied wastewater treatment processes and even optimize systems. Three case studies demonstrate that the proposed concept could be effectively used to reduce wastewater treatment costs, assess energy recovery, and evaluate process performance. Therefore, a new, simple, and reliable methodology is established to describe the oxidation-reduction properties of wastewater and assess the biological wastewater treatment processes.     

石灰铁盐法除砷中和渣的资源化制砖

文章介绍了石灰铁盐法除砷中和渣的产生机理及无害化处置 (堆存 )的方法 ,并针对处置中存在占用土地、费用高、伴有环境风险等问题 ,金隆公司与某制砖厂联手将中和渣成功用于制砖。     

中小型燃煤锅炉湿法除尘废水治理技术现状及其发展

前言我国目前有各种工业锅炉及生活燃煤锅炉５０多万台，其中８０％为各种中小型锅炉（１ｔ／ｈ～３５ｔ／ｈ）。在这些锅炉中安装有湿法除尘设备（含各种水膜，淋洗装置）的约占３０～４０％，据统计一台１０ｔ／ｈ的此类锅炉年消耗自来水（含除尘、冲渣等用水）约５～７...     

Fenton反应-中和-厌氧生物法处理某高盐度工业废水

实验采用Fenton反应-中和-厌氧菌法处理某高盐度工业废水,考察了各因素对COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明,Fenton反应处理该工业废水的最佳条件是:n(H2O2):n(COD)=2:1,n(H2O2):n(Fe2+)=4:1,pH=3,反应时间采用120 min。Fenton处理后废水COD由24 230 mg/L下降到13 020 mg/L,去除率达到46.26%;所得反应液用Ca(OH)2中和沉淀后COD值降低到11 060 mg/L,去除率为15.05%;最后废水经稀释后进行厌氧菌降解处理,COD为1 625 mg/L的废水经厌氧菌6天处理后降为466 mg/L,去除率为71.32%,达到GB8978-1996中规定的COD三级排放标准。     

面向未来的污水处理厂关键技术研发与工程实践专栏序言

污水处理行业碳排放水平约占全社会碳排放水平的1%～2%,为实现行业碳达峰、碳中和目标以及满足建设面向未来污水处理厂的需要,污水处理行业碳减排技术的开发及碳中和路线图的搭建迫在眉睫.本文是国家水专项“面向未来污水处理厂关键技术研发与工程示范”课题近年来科研成果的总结,致力于构建面向未来污水处理技术体系,从污水处理厂“碳减排”和“碳中和”角度出发,在污水“碳转向”、污水处理过程“碳减排”、基于大数据和云平台的智慧水务3个关键技术的研究以及对面向未来污水处理厂工程实践等方面进行了总结凝练,以期为我国污水处理行业的“碳减排”及“碳中和”提供技术支撑.     

CHANGES IN ACID PRECIPITATION-RELATED WATER CHEMISTRY OF LAKES FROM SOUTHWESTERN NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA, 1986–2001

Between 1986 and 2001, thirty-nine lakes in southwestern New Brunswick in Atlantic Canada were surveyed for acid precipitation-related water quality changes. Most of the study lakes are located on granite bedrock and represent the most acid sensitive lakes in the province. Between 1987 and 1992, hydrogen ion deposition to the lake study area averaged 452 eq ha^–1 yr^–1, compared to 338 eq ha^–1 yr^–1 between 1993 and 2000, a 25% reduction. The lake chemistry data were evaluated by dividing the lakes into four clusters for each survey year based on their acid neutralizing capacity. Twenty percent of the lakes (cluster IV) had an average ANC of 40 eq L^–1or greater and maintained an average pH of greater than 6 over the duration of the study period. A pH of 6 or greater is considered a healthy benchmark for maintaining biodiversity. The remaining 31 lakes (clusters I to III) had an average ANC of less than 40 eq L^–1and maintained an average pH of less than 6. Other lake chemistry changes included a general decline in lake sulphate and colour over the duration of the survey period, followed by more recent improvements in calcium ion, pH and ANC, and notably higher but declining aluminum levels in lower ANC and pH lakes. Nitrate accounted for 37% of the acid deposition to the study area, however it was not detectable in the lakes. Although acid deposition has declined and these lakes are beginning to show signs of acid recovery, 80% of the study lakes remain acid sensitive having little buffering capacity with low calcium, pH and ANC.