La-PTFE共掺杂二氧化铅电极的制备及其性能研究

以Ti为基体,掺杂La2O3和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE),通过电沉积法制备了Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PTFE+La2O3+β-PbO2电极,并将所制备的电极应用于亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水的降解.结果发现,与常规的Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PTFE+β-PbO2电极相比,Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PTFE+La2O3+β-PbO2电极对亚甲基蓝及COD有较好的去除效果.含有La2O3活性层的Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PTFE+La2O3+β-PbO2电极在电解质浓度为0.15mol.L-1,电极极距为6.0cm的酸性条件下降解亚甲基蓝的效果最佳.降解3.0h后,对100mg.L-1亚甲基蓝的去除率可达到97.92%,对COD去除率为93.39%.SEM结果显示,Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PTFE+La2O3+β-PbO2电极表面颗粒鲜明,比表面积增大,改善了电极的微观结构和催化效果.电化学测试表明,La2O3的掺杂显著提高了二氧化铅电极的析氧过电位,显示出较好的应用前景.     

聚噻吩改性阴极强化电极生物膜反应器去除硝酸盐机制研究

为进一步提高电极生物膜反应器的脱氮效能,采用导电聚合物聚噻吩(PTh)和电子穿梭体蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸二钠(AQDS)改性阴极材料石墨毡,系统研究了不同碳氮比(C/N)条件下,改性电极的应用对BER体系的脱氮效能、电极表面生物相和体系微生物群落结构等方面的影响.结果表明,应用PTh与AQDS协同处理石墨毡的BER体系的NO~-_3-N去除速率和效能均明显优于未处理电极体系,在HRT=4 h、C/N为2.0时NO~-_3-N的去除率达到90.0%以上.PTh/AQDS改性石墨毡电极的生物膜与电极的比重为0.26±0.04,其值为对照组的2.4倍,证明了PTh/AQDS改性后电极具有更优的生物相容性.应用PTh/AQDS改性电极的BER具有更好的微生物丰富度和多样性,AQDS促进了特定微生物Thauera_mechernichensis(24.6%)的富集和亚硝酸盐还原酶的活性,保障了BER体系的反硝化效能.     

Enzyme-electrolytic degradation of dichloromethane: Efficiency, kinetics and mechanism

Enzymatic electrolysis cell(EEC) has advantages over microbial electrolysis cell(MEC) due to the needless of microbe inoculation and high-efficiency of enzymatic reaction. In this study, an EEC was first applied to achieve the effective degradation of halogenated organic pollutants and dichloromethane(CH_2Cl_2) was utilized as a model pollutant. The results indicate that the degradation efficiency of CH_2Cl_2 after 2 hr reaction in the EEC was almost100%, which was significantly higher than that with enzyme(51.1%) or current(19.0%). The current induced the continuous regeneration of reduced glutathione(GSH), thus CH_2Cl_2 was degraded under the catalysis of GSH-dependent dehalogenase through stepwise dechlorination, and successively formed monochloromethane(CH_3Cl) and methane(CH_4). The kinetic result shows that with a current of 15 mA, the maximum specific degradation rate of CH_2Cl_2(3.77 × 10~(-3) hr~(-1)) was increased by 5.7 times. The optimum condition for CH_2Cl_2 dechlorination was also obtained with pH, current and temperature of 7.0, 15 mA and 35°C,respectively. Importantly, this study helps to understand the behavior of enzymes and the fate of halogenated organic pollutants with EEC, providing a possible treatment technology for halogenated organic pollutants.     

EDTA直接滴定测定镍

参考磷酸在345~356℃时有强腐蚀性的特点,采有硫磷混合酸消解矿样,能使样品消解完全。本方法经加标校核证明,检测结果重现性好,准确度高。     

镍渣制备建筑用微晶玻璃的初步研究

对从镍渣中提取铁同时制备建筑用微晶玻璃的进行了研究.结果表明,熔渣中铁的质量分数可以降到0.5%左右,满足制备微晶玻璃的要求.对微晶玻璃样品进行了显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜分析.其主晶相是透辉石(CaO·MgO·2SiO2),晶体的形貌为短柱状,分布均匀.本文所介绍的制备工艺是可行的.     

外浮顶储罐泡沫灭火设施的选型

分析了外浮顶储罐火灾危险性及火灾类型,对目前泡沫灭火设施在外浮顶储罐中的应用及存在的问题进行阐述,建议外浮顶储罐的泡沫灭火设施采用边缘泡沫消防系统.     

电极构型对空气阴极生物燃料电池发电性能的影响

在空气阴极生物燃料电池(ACMFC)中,从阴极扩散进入阳极的氧气能够被兼性微生物作为电子受体还原,进而导致电子损失严重.本研究利用葡萄糖作底物,对2种不同电极构型的空气阴极生物燃料电池ACMFC1和ACMFC2的功率输出和电子回收进行了比较研究.结果表明,ACMFC1的内阻为302.14Ω,阳极电位为-323mV,最大功率密度为3 070 mW/m³;ACMFC2的内阻为107.79Ω,阳极电位为-442mV,最大功率密度达到9 800 mW/m³.在间歇条件下,ACMFC2可以连续运行220h,电子回收率为30.1%;而ACMFC1只能运行不到50h,电子回收率为9.78%.因此,合理的设计空气阴极生物燃料电池电极构型可以减小内阻,增大电池电动势进而增大功率输出,提高电子回收率.     

Copper complexation by tannic acid in aqueous solution

The speciation of titrated copper in a dissolved tannic acid (TA) solution with an initial concentration of 4 mmol organic carbon (OC)/l was investigated in a nine-step titration experiment (Cu/OC molar ratio = 0.0030–0.0567). We differentiated between soluble and insoluble Cu species by 0.45 μm filtration. Measurements with a copper ion selective electrode (ISE) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) were conducted to quantify unbound Cu(II) cations (‘free’ Cu) and labile soluble Cu complexes. For the DGT measurements, we used an APA hydrogel and a Chelex 100 chelating resin (Na form). Insoluble organic Cu complexes (>0.45 μm) was the dominant Cu species for Cu/OC = 0.0030–0.0567 with a maximum fraction of 0.96 of total Cu. At Cu/OC > 0.0100, Cu-catalysed degradation of aggregate structures resulted in a strong increase of free Cu and (labile) soluble Cu complexes with a maximum fraction of 0.28 and 0.32 of total Cu, respectively. Labile (i.e. DGT-detectable) soluble Cu complexes had a relatively high averaged diffusion coefficient (D) in the APA hydrogel (3.50 × 10⁻⁶– 5.58 × 10⁻⁶ cm² s⁻¹).     

聚氨酯泡沫固定化产碱杆菌细胞生物转化氰化物

利用1株产碱杆菌DN25作为降氰菌株,以聚氨酯泡沫为载体进行固定化,研究其转化特性.结果表明,采用吸附生长法能有效实现菌株DN25的固定,固定细胞量可达到每g泡沫载体生物量干重0.35g.固定化细胞的最适转化温度和pH为35℃、8.0.对于低浓度氰化物,固定化细胞和游离细胞的转化速率相当;对于高浓度氰化物,固定化细胞具有明显优势,不仅可耐受更高浓度的氰化物转化,其转化速率也高于游离细胞,最大转化速率为507mg/(L·h),是游离细胞的2.8倍.通过初步的摇瓶模拟序列批式反应,固定化细胞活性可保持20d.     

煤矿综掘面泡沫降尘技术研究与实施

针对煤矿综掘面粉尘治理技术中存在的不足,采用泡沫降尘新技术结合长压短抽式通风方式进行粉尘防治。以霍尔辛赫矿为例,根据井下实际情况,利用GAMB IT和FLUENT建立掘进巷道的几何模型,并对巷道掘进通风过程中粉尘分布规律进行解算,将模拟结果和现场实测数据对比,确定掘进面回风侧的高浓度粉尘分布区。对掘进面煤样进行湿润性试验,确定最佳的发泡剂添加比例。综合以上情况,泡沫降尘技术实施时采用环形前置式喷头布置,发泡剂添加比例定为10‰,并在回风侧距掘进面5 m、距底板2 m处设置风筒,将高浓度粉尘抽出并沉降。现场实测数据显示,泡沫降尘技术降尘效率明显高于喷雾降尘技术。使用泡沫降尘时,在司机侧测得全尘及呼吸性粉尘降尘效率分别达到75.4%和74.7%。