锌锰废电池中锌锰的回收工艺

锌锰废干电池经过剖开、焙烧处理,去除汞和碳粉,再用硫酸浸取,滤液采用沉淀法分离锌和锰。锌和锰回收率分别达到94.5%和93.6%。     

Effects of thermally pretreated temperature on bio-hydrogen production from sewage sludge

Hydrogen can be obtained by anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge. Therefore, in this paper the effects of thermally pretreated temperatures on hydrogen production from sewage sludge were investigated under different pre-treatment conditions. In the thermal pretreatment, some microbial matters of sludge were converted into soluble matters from insoluble ones. As a result, the suspended solid（SS） and volatile suspended solid（VSS） of sludge decreased and the concentration of soluble COD（SCOD） increased, including soluble carbohydrates and proteins. The experimental results showed that all of those pretreated sludge could produce hydrogen by anaerobic fermentation and the hydrogen yields under the temperatures of 121℃ and 50℃ were 12.23 ml/g VS（most） and 1.17 ml/g VS （least）, respectively. It illuminated that the hydrogen yield of sludge was affected by the thermally pretreated temperatures. Additionally, the endurance of high hydrogen yield depended on the translation of microbial matters and inhibition of methanogens in the sludge. The temperatures of 100℃ and 121℃ （treated time, 30 min） could kill or inhibit completely the methanogens while the others could not. To produce hydrogen and save energy, 100℃ was chosen as the optimal temperature for thermal pretrcatment. The composition changes in liquid phase in the fermentation process were also discussed. The SCOD of sludge increased, which was affected by the pretreatment temperature. The production of volatile fatty acids in the anaerobic fermentation increased with the pretreatment temperature.     

H2S燃料电池的研究进展

H2S燃料电池是一种环境友好、发电效率较高并且同时共生其他化学产品的装置,为合H2S气体的处理提供了新的思路。按照采用的固体电解质的导电粒子的不同阐释了H2S的电化学氧化基本原理,指出对H2S燃料电池的电化学氧化机理的研究将进一步扩大H2S资源化利用的范围,以实现H2S燃料电池电能与化学产品的同步生产。目前H2S燃料电池固体电解质薄膜和阳极电催化剂的研制及其一体化技术是H2S燃料电池的关键。     

常温常压下催化湿式过氧化氢氧化工艺的研究

采用浸渍焙烧法制备了几种负载型催化剂,以偶氮染料模拟废水为处理对象,考察了这几种催化剂在常温常压下催化湿式过氧化氢氧化工艺中的催化活性。研究结果表明,Fe／γ～Al2O3的催化活性和稳定性最好。处理质量浓度为500mg／L的甲基橙模拟废水,当Fe／γ-Al2O3和H2O2加入量分别为30g/L和330mg／L时,处理3h后,废水的脱色率为79．67％,COD去除率为80．92％,总有机碳去除率达72．88％。在上述相同工艺条件下,分别处理质量浓度为500mg／L的甲基橙、酸性橙和活性黑模拟废水,其中,甲基橙较易被降解,酸性橙次之,活性黑最难被降解。     

汞和镍对人血淋巴细胞转化及DNA合成的效应

通过测定3H－TdR参入细胞DNA的方法研究了氯化汞和氯化镍对人血淋巴细胞转化和DNA合成的效应。结果表明,氯化汞和氯化镍对人外周血淋巴细胞的转化和DNA合成的效应是双相性的：在极低浓度下汞、镍化合物均可促进淋巴细胞转化和DNA合成,而在高浓度下则抑制淋巴细胞转化和DNA合成。汞、镍化合物对淋巴细胞的这种刺激效应比细胞有丝分裂素—植物血凝素（PHA）的刺激效应要弱。汞对细胞转化和DNA合成的刺激效应比镍强     

化学镀镍废液的电解净化再生研究

采用电解法对化学镀镍废液阳极进行Ni2 补充,阴极实现亚磷酸钠转化为次亚磷酸钠。结果表明:电解法能补充废液中的Ni2 ,方法简便,同时也能部分地实现亚磷酸根离子的还原反应。     

连续流生物制氢反应器乙醇型发酵的运行特性

采用连续流搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR),利用厌氧活性污泥,在制糖废水产酸发酵过程的同时制取氢气.探讨了生物制氢反应器连续流稳定运行的工程控制参数.研究表明,在污泥接种量为15g/L、温度为35℃±1℃、COD容积负荷为40kg/(m³·d)、HRT为4h、系统pH、氧化还原电位(ORP)分别在4.6～4.9、-450～-470mV等条件下,可以实现连续流生物制氢反应系统乙醇型发酵的高效稳定运行.此时,液相末端发酵产物中乙醇和乙酸的含量占挥发酸总含量的80%以上,COD去除率22%～26%,气相中的氢气含量约为40%～58%,最大产氢能力为7.63m³/(m³·d).     

用废旧锌锰电池制备锰锌铁氧体的研究

用水热法以废旧锌锰电池为原料对制备锰锌铁氧体进行了研究。探索了制备过程的影响因素,如水热反应的pH值、水热温度及水热时间等。结果表明,在溶液的pH值为10,水热温度为210℃,水热时间为2～24h时,均能有效制备无杂相的锰锌铁氧体;提高反应温度和延长反应时间,均有利于锰锌铁氧体的晶化过程。研究还发现,加入铁粉是一个既能高效除汞,又能制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的关键所在。      

液相催化氧化法净化H2S实验研究

采用液相催化氧化法净化H2 S尾气。研究了铁离子浓度、氧含量和表面活性剂等因素在H2 S的净化中对吸收液净化效率和硫容量的影响。实验结果表明 ,用铁离子作催化剂 ,添加表面活性剂后 ,对低氧含量的尾气 ,吸收液具有较高的净化效率和较大的硫容量 ;当吸收液的硫容量达到饱和时 ,可通入空气进行再生循环使用。这一方法对H2 S尾气的污染治理及硫的回收利用具有重要的现实意义。     

Concentrations and Pools of Heavy Metals in Urban Soils in Stockholm,Sweden

The concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb andZn) and arsenic (As) were surveyed and the metal pools estimatedin soils in Stockholm Municipality. The sampling sites were distributed all over the entire municipality with a higher sampling density in the city centre. Soils were sampled to a maximum depth of 25 to 60 cm. Soil texture, total-C content, electrical conductivity and pH were analysed. Heavy metal concentrations were determined after wet digestion with boiling7 M HNO₃.The results showed a wide range in heavy metal concentrations, as well as in other soil properties. The city centre soils constituted a rather homogeneous group whereas outside this areano geographical zones could be distinguished. These soils were grouped based on present land use, i.e. undisturbed soils, public parks, wasteland (mainly former industrial areas), and roadside soils. The city centre and wasteland soils generally hadenhanced heavy metal concentrations to at least 30 cm depth compared to park soils outside the city centre and rural (arable)soils in the region, which were used to estimate background levels. For example, the mean Hg concentration was 0.9 (max 3.3)mg kg^-1 soil at 0–5 cm and 1.0 (max 2.9) at 30 cm depth in the city centre soils, while the background level was 0,04 mg kg^-1. Corresponding values for Pb were 104 (max 444) and135 (max 339) mg kg^-1, at 0–5 and 30 cm, respectively, while the background level was 17 mg kg^-1.The average soil pools (0–30 cm depth) of Cu, Pb and Zn were 21,38 and 58 g m^-2 respectively, which for Pb was 3–4 timeshigher and for Cu and Zn 1.5–2 times higher than the backgroundlevel. The total amount of accumulated metals (down to 30 cm)in the city centre soils (4.5^*10 ⁶ m² public gardens and green areas) was estimated at 80, 1.1, 120 and 40 t for Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn, respectively. The study showed (1) thatfrom a metal contamination point of view, more homogeneous soilgroups were obtained based on present land use than on geographicdistance to the city centre, (2) the importance of establishing a background level in order to quantify the degree of contamination, and (3) soil samples has to be taken below the surface layer (and deeper than 30 cm) in order to quantify theaccumulated metal pools in urban soils.