BAF法处理高浓度含盐炼油污水

阐述了BAF法处理高浓度含盐炼油污水的原理和启动运行过程,分析了运行中出现的问题,并提出改进建议。     

厦门市秋冬季节大气汞污染调查

文章采用两次金汞齐一冷原子荧光光谱法对厦门地区秋冬季节大气汞的污染状况作了初步调查分析,结果表明厦门地区大气中汞的浓度平均为11．037ng／m^3,其含量高于北半球大气气态总汞含量的背景值（1．5-2．0ng／m^3）,表明该地区已受到一定程度的大气汞污染;在一定的采样区域,大气汞浓度与温度、太阳辐射量、大气压、空气湿度成正相关,与风速成负相关;气态汞的含量在80％左右,这与该地区的人为活动多有关,与其他地区报道的类似区域情况的汞污染状况相符;工业区,学校实验室周边区域,生产过程中以汞为原料的工厂等附近区域,大气中汞的含量较高,开阔区域的海边含量较低,交通繁忙区域最低（所选采样点与交通要道有一定的距离）,这种浓度分布说明了大气中汞的存在具有区域性特征。     

Temporal variations of CO2 concentration near land surface and its response to meteorological variables in Heihe River Basin, northwest China

Atmospheric CO2 concentration (CC) near land surface and meteorological variables have been measured at four sites,named Yeniugou (alpine meadow and permafrost), Xishui (mountainous forest), Linze (oasis edge) and Ejina (lower desert),respectively, in Heihe River Basin, northwest China. The results showed that, the half hourly CC at night was larger than in daytime,and the daily averaged CC was the largest in winter. The averaged CC of 932 d at the Linze was about 418 ppm, was about 366 ppm in the 762 d at the Ejina. In the same period from September 23 to November 9, 2004, the averaged CC was about 625,334, 436 and 353 ppm, at Yeniugou, Xishui, Linze and Ejina, respectively. The linear relationship between daily averaged CC and air temperature T was negative, between CC and relative humidity (RH) was positive. The linear CC-atmospheric pressure (A P) relationship was negative at the Linze and Yeniugou, was positive at the Ejina. The relationship between CC and global radiation R was exponent, and soil temperature Ts was negative linear, and soil water content was complex. The correlation between CC and wind speed was not existent.Using meteorological variables together to simulate CC, could give good results.     

污水处理厂污泥处理技术

污泥处理系统产生的污泥，含水率很高，体积很大，输送、处理或处置都不方便。污泥浓缩可使污泥初步减容，使其体积减小为原来的几分之一，从而为后续处理或处置带来方便。文中详细介绍了三种污泥浓缩工艺形式、污泥浓缩的机理以及影响因素.     

Preparation and characterization of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for degradation dye wastewater

In order to develop a catalyst with high activity for catalytic wet oxidation （CWO） process at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by consecutive impregnation method and the prepared parameters were optimized. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by BET, XRF, SEM and XPS technologies, and the actual wastewater was used to investigate the catalytic activity of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 in CWO process. The experimental results showed that the prepared catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity when the doping amount of Ti was 1.0 wt% （the weight ratio of Ti to carriers）, and the middle product, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3, was calcined in 450℃ for 2 h. The CWO experiment for treating actual dye wastewater indicated that the COD, color and TOC of actual wastewater were decreased by 62.23%, 50.12% and 41.26% in 3 h, respectively, and the ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.19 to 0.30.     

元素沉积通量在重金属高分辨率沉积记录中应用——以洪湖为例

通过对洪湖沉积柱样重金属元素Hg,Pb及总有机碳(TOC)沉积通量的研究,揭示了洪湖一百年内,特别是近10年以来重金属污染物的沉积特征与变化。研究认为应用“元素沉积通量”分析重金属在沉积柱的高分辨沉积记录,能够很好弥补元素浓度的缺陷,其结果也很好地与湖区沉积物来源时间变化相吻合。     

生物沥滤去除污泥重金属:污泥固体浓度和类型影响

研究了污泥固体浓度和污泥类型对Cu、Pb和Zn生物沥滤的影响。结果表明,污泥固体浓度越高,重金属沥出效果越差;高固体浓度污泥pH值降低缓慢,其SO42-产生量明显高于低污泥浓度。低固体浓度污泥下,氮磷钾营养物质流失量比高固体浓度污泥明显增多。厌氧消化污泥和生污泥中重金属的生物沥滤效果差异不大,但厌氧消化污泥的肥效流失明显高于生污泥。     

广东省温泉水和温泉宾馆室内氡浓度研究

利用RAD7和NR-667A测氡仪测量了广东省8处温泉水和温泉宾馆室内外氡浓度。不同地方的温泉水氡浓度差异较大;在浴室内使用温泉水洗浴时,温泉水氡浓度对宾馆室内氡浓度的影响程度也不一样,浴室内平均氡浓度比没有用温泉水时高0.6～18.6倍,卧室内氡浓度比没有用温泉水时高0.3～7.3倍,而且随着温泉水使用状况不同,室内氡浓度也有很大差异。浴室内使用温泉水时计算的氡转换系数较高。有些宾馆室内氡浓度超标,应采取一些管理措施或技术手段降低对宾馆工作人员的暴露水平。     

温度和基质浓度对厌氧氨氧化工艺中N2O释放的影响

污水生物脱氮工艺中通常会释放温室气体N₂O,厌氧氨氧化工艺作为新型生物脱氮工艺,其N₂O的释放规律及机制值得深入研究.本文利用厌氧氨氧化序批试验,研究了不同温度和基质浓度对厌氧氨氧化工艺中N₂O释放的影响,并探讨了N₂O释放的微生物机制.结果表明,厌氧氨氧化工艺中进水基质浓度的增加会促进N₂O释放,在35℃条件下,当进水亚硝氮从40 mg ·L^-1增加至60 mg ·L^-1和120 mg ·L^-1时,N₂O最高积累浓度从0.5 mg ·L^-1增加至1.5 mg ·L^-1和2.4 mg ·L^-1,分别占总氮去除量的0.85%、1.43%和1.11%.温度降低对厌氧氨氧化活性抑制作用明显,15℃下的比厌氧氨氧化活性仅为30℃时的6%.温度降低导致厌氧氨氧化工艺中N₂O的释放减少,温度降低时反硝化速率的降低是导致N₂O产生速率降低、N₂O积累减少的主要原因.厌氧氨氧化工艺微生物群落中存在丰富的异养反硝化菌,工艺中N₂O积累主要是反硝化菌产生和消耗N₂O的结果.     

不同光照和磷水平下两种沉水植物磷富集和钙磷含量的比较

沉水植物光合作用形成的微环境有利于水体中钙和磷形成CaCO₃-P共沉淀,将水体磷迁移到基质,避免植物腐烂后的二次污染.但沉水植物形成CaCO₃-P共沉淀的能力依赖植物种类和环境条件.本研究以菹草和粉绿狐尾藻为研究对象,设置无机添加磷质量浓度(0、 0.2和2mg·L^-1)和光照强度[66μmol·(m²·s)^-1和110μmol·(m²·s)^-1]两个变量,测定其培养一周后植物相对生长速率、植株总磷、植株灰分磷和钙磷的含量,以比较不同植物富集水体磷的实际能力和植物腐败后对水体磷增加的影响.结果表明:①菹草在各种培养条件下的相对生长速率显著高于粉绿狐尾藻,在外源性磷质量浓度为2mg·L^-1和光照强度为66μmol·(m²·s)^-1时,相对生长速率达到最大;②无机磷添加显著影响了两种植物的灰分总磷(菹草95.681%和粉绿狐尾藻85.432%), 2种沉水植物灰分磷中Ca-...