温州红壤的酸沉降临界负荷研究

本文简要介绍了以碱总量守恒为基础建立的兼能描述钙质与非钙质土壤长期酸化过程的动态模型（ＬＴＳＡＭ）,并利用该模型讨论了温州红壤的酸沉降临界负荷。结果表明,以硫沉降即酸沉降的硫沉降非酸沉降两观点分别来确定红壤的临界负荷,其值依次为３．９１与１．８４ｇ·ｍ＾－２·ａ＾－１,后者仅是前者的４７％,差异显著应加以区别。     

用微宇宙法研究稀土元素在富营养化水体中的归趋

本文利用静态实验室水生微宇宙的方法研究了轻、中、重三类五种稀土混合物（La,Ce,Sm,Gd,Y）在富营养水体、底泥、浮萍、大型蚤、螺蛳和金鱼中的分布和富集。结果表明,稀土在水生微宇宙各组分中的分布和积累的趋势为轻稀土>中稀土>重稀土。稀土元素在水体中6h后基本趋于平衡,其大部分为底泥所吸附;不同生物对稀土的分布和富集存在着较大的差异,其趋势为浮萍>大型蚤>螺蛳>金鱼。     

渝鄂湘黔接壤贫困山区农村劳动力就业转移研究

渝鄂湘黔接壤地区是位居我国腹心的重要待开发贫困山区。农村劳动力严重过剩,就业转移问题;突出,１９９６年农村劳动力剩余量达８００～１０００万人,且呈增长趋势。到２０１０年,农村劳动力将达２２００万人,剩余量约达１２００～１４００万人,就业压力很大。本区农村劳动力就业转移应实行就地转移和输出转移双管齐下,其转移的主要领域包括商品农业、乡镇企业、生态经济经营型生态环境建设及劳务输出等。研究结果说明,上述     

泥石流运动饱和浓度和流量的实验研究

对泥石流饱和浓度的研究具有重要和普遍意义。目前泥石流饱和浓度的研究还不能解释泥石流运动的一些物理含义,也不能完全反映泥石流饱和和运动的浓度规律。本文通过对两种颗粒在水槽中运动的饱和浓度和流量的研究,给出了泥石流的饱和浓度计算公式。该公式有较好的物理含义,与有关的实验资料对比有较好的一致性。文中还给出了泥石流流量的计算公式,与野外资料对比,所给公式能覆盖这些野外资料数据。     

Amplification of plasmid DNA bound on soil colloidal particles and clay minerals by the polymerase chain reaction

Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to amplify a 600-base pair(bp)sequence of plasmid pGEX-2T DNA bound on soil colloidal particles from Brown soil(Alfisol)and Red soil(Ultisol),and three different minerals(goethite,kaolinite,montmorillonite). DNA bound on soil colloids,kaolinite,and montmorillonite was not amplified when the complexes were used directly but amplification occurred when the soil colloid or kaolinite-DNA complex was diluted,10- and 20-fold.The montmorillonite-DNA complex required at least 100-fold dilution before amplification could be detected.DNA bound on goethile was amplified irrespective of whether the complex was used directly,or diluted 10- and 20-fold.The amplification of mineral-bound plasmid DNA by PCR is,therefore,markedly influenced by the type and concentration of minerals used.This information is of fundamental importance to soil molecular microbial ecology with particular reference to monitoring the fate of genetically engineered microorganisms and their recombinant DNA in soil environments.     

Number concentration and size distributions of submicron particles in Jinan urban area： Characteristics in summer and winter

The aerosol number concentration and size distribution were measured with the newly developed Wide-range Particle Spectrometer in summer and winter of 2006 at the urban site of Jinan City.Here reported the characteristics of fine particles of the different observation seasons.Relative high number concentrations for the particles in the diameter range of 10-500 nm were observed in both seasons.It was found that the dominant number distributed in particle diameter smaller than 100 nm and the percentage over the number concentration of all air particles is much higher than what has been measured in other urban sites over the world.The number mean diameter in summer was much smaller than in winter,strongly suggesting the different origin of ultrafine particles in different seasons.That is, particles in ultrafine mode mainly came from nucleation and new particle formation in summer while from traffic emission in winter. The diurnal variation also supported this point.Number concentration in the diameter range of 10-200 nm got their peak values at noontime,well correlated with the mixing ratio of SO_2 and the intensity of solar radiation in summer.While in winter,those in the same diameter range showed the main peaks during the traffic hours happened in the morning and evening.     

基于三角模糊技术的河流水环境容量研究

基于河流水环境系统的随机性、模糊性特征,以及资料信息的不足和不精确性,将水环境系统参数定义为三角模糊数。在此基础上,通过将常规的确定性模型参量模糊化,建立了河流水环境容量计算模糊模型。根据该模型,可以计算得到三角模糊数形式的河流水环境容量;再由给定的可信度水平要求,可以进一步将水环境容量由三角模糊数转化为区间值。实例研究表明,相对于常规的确定性方法,所得结果更为科学、合理,而且计算简单、操作方便,具有实用价值。     

Carrousel氧化沟单个表曝机流态的模型试验和分析比较

对仅安装1个倒伞形表面曝气机(简称表曝机)的Carrousel氧化沟模型进行了水力学测定,通过颗粒动态分析仪(PDA)系统分析流出和流入表曝机一侧的液体流动速度、沉降速度,以及固体含量分布.结果表明,流出表曝机一侧,距表曝机较近的x轴位置流速较大;沉降速度沿y轴有个转折点,位于沟壁与挡板的中间;远离单个表曝机,固体含量逐渐增大.并将单个表曝机的测量结果与氧化沟内安装2个表曝机的流动试验进行比较,发现2个表曝机所产生的流场与单个表曝机产生的流场差别较大,且2个表曝机所产生的流场更稳定.      

二甲基甲酰胺环境标准浓度值研究

根据国外二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的环境标准浓度值、美国环保局工业环境实验室和苏联学者IO.A.KPOTOB等所建立的环境标准计算公式及DMF的嗅觉阈浓度,遵循与经济、技术发展水平和相关方的承受能力相适应原则。建议DMF长期(日均)质量标准浓度值为0.1mg/m3,短期(时均)质量标准浓度值为0.15mg/m3,厂界标准浓度值为0.15mg/m3。