Antibacterial activity against Clostridium genus and antiradical activity of the essential oils from different origin

In the present study, the antimicrobial and antiradical activities of 15 essential oils were investigated. The antimicrobial activities were determined by using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods against Clostridium genus and antioxidant properties of essential oils by testing their scavenging effect on DPPH radicals activities. We determined the antibacterial activity of Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium hystoliticum, Clostridium intestinale, Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium ramosum. We obtained the original commercial essential oils samples of Lavandula angustifolia, Carum carvi, Pinus montana, Mentha piperita, Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Pinus sylvestris, Satureia montana, Origanum vulgare L. (2 samples), Pimpinella anisum, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., Abies alba Mill., Chamomilla recutita L. Rausch and Thymus vulgaris L. produced in Slovakia (Calendula a.s., Nova Lubovna, Slovakia). The results of the disk diffusion method showed very high essential oils activity against all tested strains of microorganisms. The best antimicrobial activity against C. butyricum was found at Pimpinella anisum, against C. hystoliticum was found at Pinus sylvestris, against C. intestinale was found at Satureia hortensis L., against C. perfringens was found at Origanum vulgare L. and against C. ramosum was found at Pinus sylvestris. The results of broth microdilution assay showed that none of the essential oils was active against C. hystoliticum. The best antimicrobial activity against C. butyricum was found at Abies alba Mill., against C. intestinale was found at Abies alba Mill., against C. perfringens was found at Satureia montana and against C. ramosum was found at Abius alba and Carum carvi. Antioxidant DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined at several solutions of oil samples (50 μL.mL^?1–0.39 μL.mL^?1) and the best scavenging effect for the highest concentration (50 μL.mL^?1) was observed. The antioxidant properties were different in particular plant species. The highest% of inhibition after 30 min. of reaction was observed at Origanum vulgare (93%), Satureia montana (90.66%) and Lavandula augustifolia (90.22%).     

Novel Polymeric Materials from Biological Oils

A variety of novel polymeric materials ranging from elastomers to tough, rigid plastics have been prepared by the cationic copolymerization of regular soybean oil, low-saturation soybean oil, or conjugated low-saturation soybean oil with various alkene commonomers. Using appropriate compositions and reaction conditions, 70–100% of the soybean oil is covalently incorporated into the cross-linked polymer networks, contributing significantly to cross-linking during copolymerization. The resulting thermosets exhibit thermophysical and mechanical properties that are competitive with those of their petroleum-based counterparts. In addition, good damping and shape memory properties have been obtained by controlling the degree of cross-linking and the rigidity of the polymer backbone. New materials with similar characteristics have also been produced from other biological oils, including tung, and fish oils using the same technique. The new, more valuable properties of these bioplastics suggest numerous promising applications of these novel polymeric materials.     

Spatial and temporal variability of water repellency in a sandy soil contaminated with tar oil and heavy metals

Water repellency can induce preferential flow and thus affect water flow and contaminant transport at hazardous waste sites. Since the spatial patterns of water repellency are mostly unknown, it is problematic to use numerical transport models to predict leachate composition. In this study, the spatial variability of soil water repellency was studied at an industrial site contaminated with tar oil, chromium, copper and arsenic. The persistence of water repellency was assessed by the water drop penetration time (WDPT), and the degree of water repellency was quantified by the ethanol percentage (EP) test. Measurements were made at the soil surface along 3.5-12.1 m long transects at different times between March and October 2002. The spatial variability of WDPT, EP, water content, and organic matter content was quantified by variogram analyses. Both the persistence and the degree of water repellency varied seasonally, with the highest water repellency during the summer months. The correlation lengths of WDPT values ranged between 16 and 406 cm, whereas EP values showed no spatial correlation. For field-moist samples, a critical soil water threshold, below which water repellency prevails, was estimated to be 2.5-4%. For oven dry samples, the WDPT values were dependent on the water content prior to drying. The wide range of correlation lengths and the temporal dynamics of spatial repellency patterns suggest that simulations of solute leaching must consider the spatial and temporal variability of soil hydrophobic properties.     

红外分光光度法测定水中动植物油的不确定度评定

文章对红外分光光度法测定水中动植物油的不确定度来源进行了分析,构造出合理的数学模型,确定了各输入量之间的关系,量化各分量后,合成得到满意的结果。从而提出,根据被测量及其所依赖的输入量之间的关系构造数学模型,并综合运用不同的评定方法对各个分量进行量化,可实现对某些检测项目的不确定度评定。     

溢油多环芳烃模糊指数的研究

通过用氧化铝柱层析和等梯度呷醇：水=85％：15％）反相高效液相色谱（C18硅烷柱）紫外检测器254nm,测定30多种油品和我国海洋环境油类样品中的多环芳烃（PAHs）,建立了溢油PAHs模糊指数结果表明,油类PAHs响应因子和相对保留值的变异系数分别在8.4％－16.5％和0.00％－5.4％之间,回收率在74.6％－111.2％之间,精密度和准确度较好;海洋环境油类的多环芳烃模糊指数值（0.00383－0.01839）与润滑油类的值（0.00106－0.00942）接近,较石油及其它产品油的值（0.06983－1.00000）低;用润滑油类作为标准油,PAHs模糊指数作为溢油芳烃类监测的指示物（指标）,可提高监测海洋环境油类的代表性和可靠性     

重金属有机废液及乳化油废液处理技术

采用化学沉淀／酸化破乳 物化处理组合工艺处理重金属有机废液和乳化油废液。为获得较好的效果，在处理过程中，将两种废水分别在不同的构筑物中进行预处理，而后由于处理工艺流程类似共用一套工艺。实践表明，该工艺处理效果好、运行稳定、各项指标均可达到《污水综合排放标准》GB8978—1996中的三级标准。     

鸭绿江下游及河口附近水质现状评价及变化趋势

作者根据１９９１￣１９９５年鸭绿江下游及河口附近水质监测结果，对该区域水体的污染作出分析和评价，提出鸭绿江下游水质逐年好转，河口附近水质逐年变坏的观点，并利用灰色理论对１９９６￣２０００年期间水体中的主要污染物－－石油类的变化趋势作出预测。     

Identification and mechanism of formation of certainmutagenic components in the volatile condensatesfrom oxidized and heated edible oils

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黄土地区土壤对石油类污染物吸附特性的实验研究

通过室内静态实验 ,研究了石油类污染物在黄土地区土壤中的吸附行为。初步探讨了石油类污染物在黄土高原地区土壤中的吸附特性。实验表明石油类污染物在黄土地区土壤中的吸附符合Henry吸附模式 ,吸附分配系数为 1 34 .0 7;黄土对石油类的吸附速度很快 ,1 0min内即可接近吸附平衡。水土比、温度、pH、TDS等对吸附有一定影响。     

溢油指示物(指标)的HPLC模糊最大矩阵元研究

为了探讨ＨＰＬＣ模糊最大矩阵元作溢油指示物的可行性，用ＨＰＬＣ－ＦＬＤ对１５种常见油品和２种油品的海上不同风化时间的油样以及７种室外风化油样进行了分析，选取油样色谱指纹作为数据处理信息点，计算出模糊最大矩阵元λｉ。