Abstracts to forthcoming papers

Soil and sediments collected at a former chlor‐alkali plant in coastal Georgia (United States), revealed the presence of PCDF concentrations as great as 82.3 ng/g, dry wt. PCDF congener profile in soil was typical of “chlorine pattern”; with elevated proportions of OCDF and HpCDF. Concentrations of PCDFs declined gradually by 44‐fold at a distance of about 500 m along the contamination gradient. Of PCDDs/DFs, 2,3,7,8‐substituted PCDFs accounted for 94–98% of the TCDD‐like activity, which declined by 25‐fold, corresponding with the reduction of total PCDF concentrations. Concentrations of PCDDs in sediments were as great as 17 ng/g, with an elevated contribution from OCDD. The magnitude of decline in PCDD concentrations with distance from the source was less pronounced than that for PCDFs. PBDDs and PBDFs were not detected. Polybrominated biphenyl ether (PBBE) and monobromo‐heptachloro dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans (PXDDs/DFs) were found, though, at low concentrations. Their spatial distribution was similar to those of PCDDs.     

Fetoplacental discrepancy involving structural abnormalities of chromosome 8 detected by prenatal diagnosis

We describe the finding of three cell lines involving different structural abnormalities of chromosome 8 detected in a prenatal diagnosis. Chorionic villi sampling (CVS) was performed on a pregnant woman because of advanced maternal age. Semidirect cytogenetic analysis showed a mos46,XX,i(8q)/46,XX,del(8)(p11.2) karyotype, confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Amniocentesis was subsequently performed, and the karyotype obtained was 46,XX,dup(8)(p23p11.2). The pregnancy was terminated; pathologic findings included clubfeet, clenched left hand, subcutaneous edema and bilateral hydrocephalus. Molecular studies using chromosome 8 microsatellites performed on parents' blood and fetal tissues revealed a maternal meiotic origin of the inv dup(8p) with deletion of the distal p23 region and duplication of the remaining 8p. We propose a model to explain the cytogenetic findings, which includes a first maternal meiotic error giving rise to a large dicentric isochromosome 8 present in the ovum, a second error in one of the first zygote divisions with misdivision of the dicentric 8 giving rise to a cell line with del(8p) confined to the trophoblast and another cell line with inv dup(8p) confined to the fetal tissue and a third error in the trophoblast giving rise to a further cell line with isochromosome 8q. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prenatal diagnosis of 47,XX,der(15)t(15;16)(q13;p13.2)

A case of prenatally detected partial trisomy 15 and 16 is reported. Amniocentesis was performed at 14 weeks' gestation because a 6-mm nuchal translucency was detected on a dating ultrasound evaluation. Karyotype from amniocytes was suspect of an aberration concerning a marker chromosome. FISH analysis demonstrated that this marker chromosome was a der(15). A maternal chromosomal rearrangement t(15;16)(q13;p13.2) was confirmed. At birth, the proband was severely hydropic and had dysmorphic features, which included hypertelorism, micrognathia, incomplete separation of the maxilla and mandible, hyperflexed hands with overlapping fingers, hyposegmented right lung, and a single umbilical artery. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

废聚苯乙烯硝化氧化制对硝基苯甲酸

研究了用聚苯乙烯废料为原料,经过硝化氧化制造具有高附加值的精细化工产品－对硝基苯甲酸。探讨了影响对硝基苯甲酸产率的因素,如硝酸的浓度和用量,压力,反应时间及催化剂用量等。结果表明,在优化条件下对硝基苯甲酸产率达５２％,产品纯度为９９％。     

树脂吸附法处理磺胺中间体生产废水的研究

研究了树脂吸附法处理磺胺中间体生产废水的工艺过程，研究结果表明，NDA－900吸附树脂对该废水具有良好的吸附－脱附处理效果，在原废水中对氨基苯磺酸质量浓度为5000－6000mg/L，氨基值近5000mg/L,COD高达10000mg/L以上，经树脂吸附处理后（处理量为每批次12BV），对氨基苯磺酸的去除率大于96％，氨基值去除率大于65％，COD去除率大于55％，树脂脱附液经酸化结晶，过滤处理，可回收对氨基苯磺酸。     

有机膨润土对对硝基苯酚吸附性能的研究

以溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)和溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)两种表面活性剂对钠基膨润土进行有机改性,研究了改性后的有机膨润土的用量、介质pH值、作用时间、溶液中对硝基苯酚的浓度等因素对膨润土去除对硝基苯酚的影响.结果表明:同一浓度条件下,CTMAB-有机膨润土对对硝基苯酚的去除率和吸附量均比CPB-有机膨润土高;当对硝基苯酚溶液pH在2-10范围内,2种有机膨润土对对硝基苯酚的吸附性能变化不大,但当pH上升到12时,2种有机膨润土对对硝基苯酚去除率分别下降20.5%和36.2%.2种有机膨润土对对硝基苯酚的吸附可用Freundlich方程加以描述.     

胃蛋白酶与对磺酸基杯芳烃相互作用研究

采用荧光光谱法和紫外可见分光光度法研究了胃蛋白酶与对磺酸基杯芳烃和对磺酸基杯芳烃相互作用时光谱性质的变化,发现两种对磺酸基杯芳烃对胃蛋白酶的荧光均有猝灭作用,并根据Stern—Volmer方程及紫外-可见吸收光谱得出猝灭机理均为静态猝灭。根据反应的热力学参数得出对磺酸基杯芳烃对胃蛋白酶的作用力均属于静电作用力,并依据Forster无辐射能量转移理论得出荧光给体（胃蛋白酶）-受体（对磺酸基杯芳烃）间的距离r。用同步荧光光谱技术考察了两种对磺酸基杯芳烃对胃蛋白酶构象的影响。     

The NIOSH Construction Program: Research to practice, impact, and developing a National Construction Agenda

The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducts research to improve and protect the health and safety of workers. This paper describes the experience of the NIOSH Construction Program with two recent program planning initiatives intended to improve the program: (a) an independent external review of work over the past decade and (b) the development of strategic goals organized into a “National Construction Agenda” to guide a decade of future work. These goals, developed with input from construction industry stakeholders and researchers, are a part of the NIOSH National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) initiative. The NORA goals are intended to provide an ambitious set of goals for all construction stakeholders to work together on. Both efforts relate to insuring the relevance and impact of research, reflecting an emerging policy perspective that research programs should be judged not just by the quality and quantity of science produced, but by the industry impact and tangible benefit resulting from the research. This paper describes how views on research planning have evolved to incorporate lessons learned about how research leads to improved safety and health for workers. It also describes the process used to develop the goals and the resulting strategic and intermediate goals that comprise the National Construction Agenda.