全氟辛烷磺化物(PFOS)诱导斑马鱼胚胎p53基因的点突变

将斑马鱼胚胎于0μg·1-1(空白对照),5μg·l-1,16μg·l-1和50μg·l-1全氟辛烷磺化物(PFOS)溶液中暴露染毒5h,采用变性高效液相色谱方法对PCR扩增的含斑马鱼胚胎p53基因外显子7的173 bp的目标片段进行突变分析.结果显示,16μg·l-1和50μg·l-1两个处理组与对照组相比均有显著性差异,表明PFOS可以诱导斑马鱼胚胎p53基因外显子7的点突变.     

Anaerobic transformation of four abundant organochlorine pesticide residues (B8-1413, B9-1679, oxychlordane,p,p‵-DDE) in extracts of Antarctic skua eggs by the isolated bacterium Sulfurospirillum multivorans

Residues of halogenated pollutants bioaccumulated in eggs of the south polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki) from the Antarctic were extracted, purified, and fractionated. The target fraction which contained the bulk of the chloropesticides was concentrated and incubated with cell suspensions of the isolated bacterium Sulfurospirillum multivorans (formerly Dehalospirillum multivorans). S. multivorans was previously identified as a good anoxic transformer of several halogenated compounds. The compounds of technical toxaphene 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,10,10-octachlorobornane (B8-1413, also known as P-26) and 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,9,10,10-nonachlorobornane (B9-1679, also known as P-50) as well as 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene (p,p′-DDE) and 1-exo,2-exo,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-2,3-exo-epoxy-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindene (oxychlordane) were present at a sufficiently high concentration and hence useful for studying the anaerobic transformation by the bacterium. When treated with S. multivorans, B8-1413 and B9-1679 were almost quantitatively transformed within 1 day. For B9-1679, the major metabolite was found to be 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,9,10-heptachlorobornane (B7-1001). Compared to the toxaphenes, transformation of oxychlordane and p,p′-DDE was significantly slower. Even after seven days, about 10% of the initial pool was detected in the extracts. 1-chloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene (p,p′-DDMU) was identified as a transformation product of p,p′-DDE. The four compounds in this study comprise some of the most persistent chloropesticide residues found in marine birds. In case there is sufficient transformation before they reach the top predators, the bioaccumulative potential can be significantly reduced.     

Study on polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans in rivers and estuaries in Osaka Bay in Japan

In order to search the source of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in blue mussel in Osaka bay, sediments from Osaka bay and from rivers running near an urban municipal incinerator were analysed for PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs. The river and estuary sediments were all found to be contaminated with PCDDs at average levels of 9.8 and 12ppb on the dry basis, PCDFs of 7.8 and 5.1 ppb, and PCBs of 1600 and 1300ppb, respectively. The two sediments contained similar profiles of specific isomers and congeners of PCDDs and PCDFs with each other. In addition, there was observed positive close correlations between PCDD and PCDF levels in the two specimens as well as fly ash from urban municipal incinerators. These allow the conclusion that the main source of the two chemicals in Osaka bay is fly ash from waste incineration.     

Metal binding capacity of soft acid,organic‐rich waters

Organic carbon from one stream and two ponds in South Carolina was fractionated into five nominal molecular diameter fractions by ultrafiltration. The concentrations associated with and binding capacity for Ca, Cd, Cu and Pb were determined for each fraction. The distribution of organic carbon among ultrafilter fractions varied from water to water, with the largest percentage occurring in the smaller fractions. Calcium was associated with each of the fractions isolated from each of the three waters, indicating Ca is bound to organics in all fractions, however, more than 99% of the Ca which passed the smallest ultrafilter was removed by cationic exchange resin. Each fraction bound more Ca than Cd, Cu or Pb except in a few cases where Pb binding was greater. All of the organic fractions had their Ca++ binding sites saturated. Calcium was not an effective competitive ion against Cd, Cu or Pb for organic binding sites. The total Cu binding capacity was less than that of Ca or Pb but similar to that of Cd. Naturally occurring organics bound more Pb than Cd or Cu but less than Ca. Saturation of Cu binding sites was less than 20% in most ultrafilter fractions except that with a nominal molecular weight of between 10,000 and 300,000 where the percent of saturation was as much as 60%. Approximately 50% of the Cu was removed onto anionic exchange resin in two waters while more than 90% was removed from water with a high organic content. Percent saturation of Cd and Pb binding sites ranged from 0.091% to 5.4% and 0.059% to 1.5%, respectively. All ions tested effectively competed with Cd, Cu or Pb for some but not all binding sites, indicating that organic binding sites were heterogeneous. A generalized order of metal‐organic stabilities based on competition for binding sites is Al>Cd>Pb>Cu>Ni = Mg=Zn = Mn>Ca. Both Cd+2 and Al+3 effectively out competed Pb++ and Cd and Pb out competed Cu for most organic binding sites.     

阿魏酸、对羟基苯甲酸对土壤中氮矿化的影响

实验研究阿魏酸、对羟基苯甲酸对土壤中的氮矿化的影响,分析了麦秸和麦秸在土中腐解时产生的酚酸与土壤中氮矿化作用的相关性．结果表明,２种酸对氮矿化的影响不同．在对羟基苯甲酸存在下微生物对氮的固持作用大于在阿魏酸存在下的固持作用．土样中加入酚酸与加入麦秸相比,麦秸对土壤中氮的矿化的影响更为显著,变化趋势也不同．     

用醌式染料的合成反应光度法测定水中NO_2~-

报道了以N、N－二甲基苯氨、对氨基苯乙酮为偶联、重氮试剂,利用醌式染料的合成反应测定NO2-的新方法。本法灵敏度高（ε=5．33×104）,选择性好,无试剂空白。NO2-在0～800μg／L内服从比耳定律。醌式染料及试剂均稳定,已用于环境水中NO2-的测定。     

二安替比林对溴苯基甲烷光度法测定锰

合成了一个新的二安替比试剂,二安替比林对溴苯基甲烷（ＤＡｐＢＭ）并研究了它和Ｍｎ（Ⅶ）的显色条件,在磷酸介质中,Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）存在下,ＤＡｐＢＭ和Ｍｎ（Ⅶ）生在橙色产物λｍａｘ＝４８０ｎｍ,ε＝１．２８×１０＾６Ｌ．（ｍｏｌ．ｃｍ）＾－１,锰的含量在０．１－０．９μｇ／２５ｍｌ内符合比尔定律,用于食品和水样中锰的测定,结果满意。     

EROD activity and stable isotopes in seabirds to disentangle marine food web contamination after the Prestige oil spill

In this study, we measured via surgical sampling hepatic EROD activity in yellow-legged gulls from oiled and unoiled colonies, 17 months after the Prestige oil spill. We also analyzed stable isotope composition in feathers of the biopsied gulls, in an attempt to monitor oil incorporation into marine food web. We found that yellow-legged gulls in oiled colonies were being exposed to remnant oil as shown by hepatic EROD activity levels. EROD activity was related to feeding habits of individual gulls with apparent consequences on delayed lethality. Capture-recapture analysis of biopsied gulls suggests that the surgery technique did not affect gull survival, giving support to this technique as a monitoring tool for oil exposure assessment. Our study highlights the combination of different veterinary, toxicological and ecological methodologies as a useful approach for the monitoring of exposure to remnant oil after a large oil spill.     

微电解法预处理对氟硝基苯废水的研究

采用废铁屑微电解法对氟硝基苯废水进行预处理，在铁粉投加量为3.0g/L、phH为3．0、反应时间为3h、催化剂氯化铵用量为2.0g/L的条件下，对氟硝基苯转化为氨基氟苯的转化率为70％、出水的BOD5／COD值由0上升到0．27。     

琉基葡聚糖凝胶分离富集-二溴对甲偶氮羧微乳液分光光度法测定微量镍

研究了在溴代十六烷基吡啶（CPB）、正丁醇、正庚烷、水自制微乳溶液存在下,镍与二溴对甲偶氮羧（DBpMCA）的显色反应,在pH值为9．07的Na2B4O7-HCl缓冲溶液中,镍与试剂形成淡红色配合物,最大吸收峰位于560nm波长处,表观摩尔吸光系数ε为2．8×10^5L／（mol·cm）。优化了试验条件,考察了共存离子的影响,方法在0．002mg／L～0．320mg／L范围内符合比尔定律,检出限为0．0006mg／L,生活垃圾、水、土壤样品测定的RSD为2．1％～5．2％,加标回收率为96．6％～104％。