苯胺降解菌的分离和特性研究

从活性污泥中分离到一株细菌ＡＮ３，能以苯胺为唯一碳源、氮源和能源生长．经鉴定为食酸丛毛胞菌（Ｃｏｍａｍｏｎａｓａｃｉｄｏｖｏｒａｎｓ）．该菌株可以在高达５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上的苯胺中生长．当苯胺浓度为２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右时，经３天培养即可全部被降解．该菌株还可以利用乙酰苯胺，但不能利用其他取代类苯胺化合物．ＡＮ３菌的生长和降解苯胺的最适温度为３０℃和ｐＨ为７０．９种金属离子对该菌的生长和苯胺的降解均有不同程度抑制作用，尤以Ａｇ＋和Ｈｇ２＋为明显．该菌与苯胺降解代谢有关酶类的测定结果表明，该菌含有的邻苯二酚－２，３加双氧酶是诱导酶．     

微生物法烟气脱硫技术研究

采用微生物（氧化亚铁硫杆菌，简称TF菌）法脱除烟气中的二氧化硫。在相同操作条件下，比较了传统的工业化 方法稀硫酸吸收法（千代田法）与本法的优劣，研究了液气化、二氧化硫浓度、三价铁离子浓度等因素对吸收效率的影响；分析了脱硫反应前后吸收率pH值、三价铁离子浓度的变化。研究结果表明：适宜的液气比（12.5L/Nm^3 以上）、二氧化硫浓度（1000－5000ppm)和三价铁离子浓度（0.6g/L以上）能使该法具有较高（＞98％）的脱硫率。在常温常压操作条件下，微生物法的脱硫率远优于千代田法，具有一定的工业化价值。     

不同生态系统中细菌遗传物质的转移

核苷酸序列分析和全基因组序列分析表明,细菌的进化通常是由于不同种属之间遗传物质水平转移而推进,基因转移的主要方式有转化、转导和接合,本文综述了有关自然界不同生态系统中细菌遗传物质转移的研究,这些研究可以促使更好地评估基因的水平转移,同时在农业生产或环境补救时人们会特意向环境中释放天然或重组细菌,了解环境中基因的水平转移对于安全评估这些细菌造成的后果也是必需的,参46     

Studies on Rhizospheric Mycoflora of Tea (Camellia sinensis):In vitro Antagonism with Dominant Bacteria

The rhizospheres of established tea bushes have some specificcharacteristics which are associated with the long lived nature of teaplants,viz.,negative rhizospheric effect,lowering of soil pH,antagonistic activities among microbial communities and dominan…     

无苯酚培养基分离到的降酚菌多样性的分子分析

用3种不含苯酚的培养基(YPG、10%YPG和LB)从上海焦化厂废水处理系统(A2/O法)好氧池的悬浮污泥分离到24株降酚菌株.通过16SrDNAPCR扩增产物的限制性酶切分析(amplifiedribosomalDNArestrictionanalysis,ARDRA)、ERICPCR指纹图谱分析、多组分苯酚羟化酶大亚基(thelargestsubunitofthemulticomponentphenolhydroxylase,LmPH)基因的PCR扩增及16SrRNA基因测序的方法对这些降酚菌株进行表征.通过ARDRA分型,将这24株降酚菌株分为8个类型;利用ERICPCR可以将这24个菌株分为17种类型,说明同一ARDRA类型内菌株具有多样性.对17个ERIC类型代表菌株的16SrDNA扩增产物进行克隆并测序,测序结果在GenBank和RDP中进行比对.结果表明,与这17个代表菌株同源性最高的菌中,有6株是未见报道具有降酚功能的菌株.在这24株降酚菌中,有19株在苯酚含量为200mg/L的MP培养基中培养5d,苯酚降解率为20%左右,其余5株苯酚降解率达到100%,且均属于Rhodococcus属.本研究在降酚菌生物多样性上作了有益的探索.图2表1参20     

优势工程菌在H/O工艺中处理制药废水的研究

采用水解 (H)—好氧 (O)生化工艺研究了优势复合工程菌对抗生素工业废水有机质的降解能力并进行了处理条件试验研究。探讨了预处理、生化温度、pH值、水力停留时间、进水有机物浓度等因素对生化处理工艺的影响。试验结果表明 ,在选定的条件下 ,水解单元COD的降解率达 71 9%。好氧单元COD的降解率达 62 9% ,总去除率达 98 5%。达到国家规定的制药行业排放标准 ,出水的COD平均浓度低于 30 0mg/L。     

异养菌与新型填料成膜性及BTF处理屠宰H2S废气

以新型填料上生物膜的微生物种群结构为研究对象,将异养脱硫细菌蜡状芽孢杆菌ZJNB-B3接种到含活性污泥和LEVAPOR新型填料的小试曝气液体反应器,研究此菌在活性污泥及在填料生物膜中的微生物多样性.在属分类水平上的物种分析结果表明,芽孢杆菌属在接种后的填料中相对丰度较高,而在活性污泥样品中相对丰度较低,其在培养了第10d的填料样品中已经达到最大相对丰度.因此该菌与新型填料的亲和性和成膜性较好.将该菌与新型填料应用于生物滴滤塔（BTF）处理屠宰污水站排放的H₂S恶臭废气,风量处理能力为2000m³/h.结果表明,经该菌强化的BTF完成启动的时间比使用普通活性污泥接种的BTF缩短7d.强化的BTF在30d的稳定期试验中,当H₂S进气浓度为4.92~9.54mg/m³时,对H₂S去除率为98%~99%.当进气H₂S在1.0~10mg/m³范围波动时,空床停留时间（EBRT）为10,21,30s时,去除率分别为94%、98%、99%以上,且受进气H₂S浓度波动的影响不大.当进口负荷为0.60~1.14g/（m³·h）时,H₂S去除率稳定在98%以上,H₂S气体排放量低于恶臭污染物排放国家标准.     

Fungitoxicity of lyophilized and spray-dried garlic extracts

Among the compounds discussed for anti-microbial and anti-fungal use allicin (allylthiosulfinate, diallyl disulfide-S-monoxide), an active ingredient of garlic, has attracted considerable attention. The objective of this study is to determine the antifungal activity of a local garlic ecotype (Voghiera) extracts against different pathogens. Primary screening was carried out by the agar plates technique using ethanol garlic extract at four final concentrations against the following organisms: Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus spp., Colletotrichum acutatum, Didymella bryoniae, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium gramineareum, Gliocladium roseum 47, Pythium splendens, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Stemphylium vesicarium, Trichoderma longibranchiatum, and Botrytis cinerea. Secondary screening was carried out using a lyophilized and a spray-dried preparation at different concentrations against the organisms selected for the high inhibition garlic effect in the primary screening and compared with the commercial fungicides mancozeb and iprodione. The best results were observed for the spray-dried garlic compound that showed a good fungicidal activity at the concentration of 1.5 g/10 mL while lyophilized garlic at the same concentration exhibithed less inhibition activity against the four fungi analyzed in the second screening.     

Isolation,identification and desulfurization mechanism of a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium with salt tolerance北大核心CSCD

Micro-organism with efficient desulfurization performance is a key factor in the biological desulfurization technology. This study aimed to seek such a sulfur-oxidizing strain and understand its desulfurization mechanism. Wastewater in a sewage station of natural gas purification plant was used to screen the sulfide-oxidizing strain, and to identify it based on sequence similarity analysis of 16S rDNA and the morphological characteristics. Thiosulfate was used as substrate for investigating the sulfur oxidation performance and salinity tolerance; the OD600, content change of thiosulfate, sulfate, sulfur, pH and total alkalinity in the cultural system were also investigated. The strain DS-B was found to share the highest sequence similarity with Thioalkalivibrio thiocyanoxidans ARh2, therefore determined as Thioalkalivibrio. At the optimum temperature of 35 °C for growth and degradation, the removal efficiency of thiosulfate could reach 98.7% after 7 days. Strain DS-B had strong resistance to thiosulfate, and the optimal concentration of S2O32- was 2 × 104 mg/L. The analysis for sulfur oxides showed that it could oxidize thiosulfate by the pathway of S2O32-→SO42- / S2O32- → S → SO42-. Therefore the strain DS-B is a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium with great application prospect for its strong salt tolerance and conspicuous removal capability for thiosulfate.     

Characterization of a salt-tolerant bacterium Bacillus sp. from a membrane bioreactor for saline wastewater treatment

High salt concentrations can cause plasmolysis and loss of activity of cells, but the salt-torlerant bacterium can endure the high salt concentrations in wastewater. In this research 7 salt-torlerant bacteria, which could survive in dry powder products and could degrade organic contaminants in saline wastewater, were isolated from a membrane bioreactor. The strain NY6 which showed the fastest growth rate, best property for organic matter degradation and could survive in dry powder more than 3 months was selected and characterized. It was classified as Bacillus aerius based on the analysis of the morphological and physiological properties as well as the 16 S rRNA sequence and Neigh borjoining tree. The strain NY6 could survive in the salinity up to 6% and the optimal growth salinity is2%; it belongs to a slightly halophilic bacterium. The capability of its dry powder products for COD removal was 800 mg COD/(g·day) in synthesized saline wastewater with salinity of 2%. According to salt-tolerant mechanism research, when the salinity was below 2%, the stain NY6 absorbed K+and Na+to maintain osmotic equilibrium, and when the salinity was above 2%, the NY6 kept its life by producing a large amount of spores.