新型催化法烟气脱硫技术在冶炼尾气治理工程中的应用

介绍了一种新型催化法烟气脱硫技术的技术原理和技术特点,它是一种低温催化氧化技术,能将SO2转化为可直接利用或用于生产其他产品的硫酸,不产生二次污染并具有一定经济效益。该技术目前在硫酸行业和冶炼行业已有一定的推广和应用,针对冶炼尾气的特点,分析该技术在尾气治理工程中的设计要点、运行情况和改进措施等。     

模拟酸雨对龙眼幼果纤维素酶活性和内源激素含量的影响

酸雨胁迫后，龙眼幼果IAA、GA1 3、ZRs、DHZRs、iPAs含量下降，ABA含量升高，生长抑制物ABA和生长促进物(IAA、GA1 3)的比值提高，酸雨胁迫还使纤维素酶活性上升，促进幼果脱落．易脱落幼果的纤维素酶活性和ABA含量高于正常幼果，而IAA、GA1 3、iPAs、ZRs、DHZRs含量低于正常幼果．图6表1参14     

不同浸提剂对污染河道底泥中重金属的浸出影响

以某有色金属冶炼企业排放口下游河道底泥为研究对象,分别采用无机酸(盐酸、硫酸、硝酸)和有机酸(醋酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸和丁二酸)研究在不同酸性条件(pH为2~6)下Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu的浸出效果。结果表明,有机酸的浸提能力明显高于无机酸,且4种重金属的浸出浓度均随着pH的升高而迅速降低。对无机酸而言,当pH3时,重金属的浸出浓度趋于稳定;对有机酸而言,在pH为2~5的较大范围内,醋酸表现出较高的浸提能力,而柠檬酸对Pb和Cu没有明显的浸出效果。结合泥质特点,从重金属的络合、沉淀、水解、吸附等反应过程对其浸出特征进行了分析,同时提出醋酸良好的缓冲能力是其浸提效果优于其他有机酸的重要原因。     

柳州地区各种红壤土种的酸沉降临界负荷研究

应用简单质量平衡法，多层模型ＰＲＯＦＩＬＥ和基于植物响应标准计算柳州红壤和土种的酸沉降临界负荷，并建立了系统完整地收集，测量与估算模型所需参数的方法。结果表明，柳州红壤各土种的硫沉降临界负荷为０．５０－１．８０ｋｅｑ．ｈｍ＾－２．ａ＾－１，为保护９５％的土壤不受酸沉降危害，柳州土壤的潜在酸度，酸度和硫沉降临界负荷分别为１．８ｋｅｑ；ｈｍ＾－２．ａ＾－１，１．９ｋｅｑ．ｈｍ＾－２．ａ＾－１和０．７０     

水解(酸化)-缺氧-好氧固定床生物膜系统处理焦化废水的试验研究

用内填ＹＤＴ弹性立体填料的水解（酸化）－缺氧－好氧固定床生物膜系统焦化废水。结果：当进水ＣＯＤ和ＮＨ３－Ｎ浓度分别为１０６５ｍｇ／Ｌ和２５３ｍｇ／Ｌ,系统水力停留时间（ＨＲＴ）为３３．５ｈ,混合液回流比为３．６时,出水ＣＯＤ约为１８０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＮＨ３－Ｎ为５ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＯＤ和ＮＨ３－Ｎ的去除率分别达８３％和９８％。     

华南地区春季酸沉降区域源解析

应用IDNN区域源解析模式,处理了1986年2—8月间华南地区观测的酸雨样品,识别了春季广东、广西地区酸雨区域漂,结果得到,80％以上H⁺、50％SO₄^2-和60％NO₃^-来源于南岭以北地区。     

Metagenomic insights into responses of microbial population and key functional genes to fulvic acid during partial nitritation

The long-term impact of fulvic acid (FA) on partial nitritation (PN) system was initially examined in this study. The obtained results revealed that the FA lower than 50 mg/L had negligible effect on the nitrite accumulation rate (NAR nearly 100%) and ammonium removal rate (ARR 56.85%), while FA over 50 mg/L decreased ARR from 56.85% to 0.7%. Sludge characteristics analysis found that appropriate FA (<50 mg/L) exposure promoted the settling performance and granulation of PN sludge by removing Bacteroidetes and accumulating Chloroflexi. The analysis of metagenomics suggested that the presence of limited FA (0-50 mg/L) stimulated the generation of NADH, which favors the denitrification and nitrite reduction. The negative impact of FA on the PN system could be divided into two stages. Initially, limited FA (50-120 mg/L) was decomposed by Anaerolineae to stimulate the growth and propagation of heterotrophic bacteria (Thauera). Increasing heterotrophs competed with AOB (Nitrosomonas) for dissolved oxygen, causing AOB to be eliminated and ARR to declined. Subsequently, when FA dosage was over 120 mg/L, Anaerolineae were inhibited and heterotrophic bacteria reduced, resulting in the abundance of AOB recovered. Nevertheless, the ammonium transformation pathway was suppressed because genes amoABC and hao were obviously reduced, leading to the deterioration of reactor performance. Overall, these results provide theoretical guidance for the practical application of PN for the treatment of FA-containing sewage.     

沉积物中Pb和Cd对泥鳅的毒性效应及其基准阈值的验证

为探讨沉积物中AVS(acid volatile sulfide,酸挥发性硫化物)和SEM(simultaneously extracted metals,同时提取金属)对重金属生物有效性和基准验证的影响,以泥鳅为受试生物,以死亡率、鳃部渗血率和体质量变化为测试终点,研究了沉积物和上覆水中重金属Pb、Cd对底栖生物的毒性效应,并对文献中Pb、Cd沉积物基准阈值进行了验证. 结果表明:沉积物中Pb、Cd对泥鳅21 d的LC₅₀(半数致死浓度)分别为391、37.0 mg/kg;上覆水中ρ(Pb2+)和ρ(Cd2+)较低,对生物毒性效应贡献可以忽略. 经验证,Pb和Cd的TEL(threshold effect level,临界效应浓度)和PEL(probable effect level,必然效应浓度)基本符合其所代表的意义,Pb、Cd加标浓度(以w计)低于其对应的TEL时不具有毒性,高于其对应的PEL时具有明显毒性,介于二者之间时毒性不确定. SEM/AVS(物质的量比)和生物死亡率有明显的相关性,当该比值大于1.00时,重金属对泥鳅有明显的毒性效应.      

用热解石墨管和锆＋酒石酸改进剂测定环境样品中锡

本文提出了一种新的混合改进剂（锆＋酒石酸）,能有效消除高氯酸、硝酸以及各种基体的干扰,比较了各原子化温度时理论和实验特征量,使解热石墨管可可能用于石墨炉原子吸收法测定各种环境样品中的锡,准确度和精度优于８％。     

LONGITUDINAL AND SEASONAL WATER CHEMISTRY VARIATIONS IN A NORTHERN APPALACHIAN STREAM1

ABSTRACT: Quaker Run, a fourth order stream located in southwestern New York State, exhibits a highly unusual chemical gradient along its upper reaches. Weekly water samples showed an increase in the mean annual pH from 5.07 to 7.01 along a stretch of only 2.2 km. Mean alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, nitrate-nitrite-nitrogen, silica, and conductivity also increased appreciably over this distance. The study area receives some of the most highly acidic atmospheric deposition in the United States. Minimal buffering of these acidic inputs in the extreme upper watershed, and an abrupt downstream increase in buffering associated with changes in soil type, apparently produce the observed streamwater chemistry gradient. In contrast, a comparison between 11 midstream, downstream, and tributary sites showed relatively little variation in streamwater chemistry. In addition to the pronounced longitudinal chemistry changes along the upper portion of the stream, pronounced temporal chemistry variations were also observed at all sampling sites. High flow during snowmelt and heavy rains produced more dilute, acidic conditions, while streamwater pH and dissolved base cations were generally highest during low flow. Much of this temporal variation in streamwater chemistry is attributed to seasonal variation in residence times of soil water.