摩擦摆隔震支座理论分析与数值模拟研究

介绍了摩擦摆隔震支座的基本构成和隔震原理.利用力学平衡原理,对摩擦摆隔震支座进行了理论分析,推导了摩擦摆隔震支座的刚度和等效粘滞阻尼比,构造了摩擦摆隔震支座的滞回模型,并探讨了该支座的自回复能力,得到了其最大残余位移计算公式.采用有限元软件ABAQUS,对摩擦摆隔震支座进行实体单元建模,模拟低周反复荷载作用下,该支座的...     

三氧化钨光催化法脱色处理化纤厂废水

以WO3粉体作为催化剂对化纤厂废水采用光催化氧化法进行脱色处理,讨论了光催化氧化法的反应机理,以及化纤厂废水的pH值、光催化剂的投入量、光照时间各因素对废水色度去除率的影响。实验结果表明：WO3粉体的投入量为1．000g／L,pH值为3．00时,利用300W高压汞灯光照7h后,废水试样的吸光度由0.596降低至0．020,色度去除率达到96．6％。     

Photocatalytic remediation of γ-HCH contaminated soil induced by α-Fe2O3 and TiO2

Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of γ-HCH on soil surfaces was carried out to evaluate the photocatalytic effectiveness of α-Fe2O3 and TiO2 toward degrading γ-HCH on soil surfaces. After being spiked with γ-HCH, soil samples were loaded with α-Fe2O3 or TiO2 and exposed to UV-light irradiation. Different catalyst loads(0%, 2%, 5%, 7%, and 10% (wt). α-Fe2O3; 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% wt. TiO2) were tested for up to 7 d irradiation. The effects of soil thickness, acidity, and humic substances were also investigated. The obtained results indicated that the γ-HCH photodegradation follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The addition of α-Fe2O3 or TiO2 accelerates the photodegradation of γ-HCH, while the photodegradation rate decreases when the content of α-Fe2O3 exceeds 7%(wt.). The degradation rate increases with the soil pH value. Humic substances inhibit the photocatalytic degradation of γ-HCH. Pentachlorocyclohexene, tetrachlorocyclohexene, and trichlorobenzene are detected as photodegradation intermediates, which are gradually degraded with the photodegradation evolution.     

Photocatalytic degradation of dye effluent by titanium dioxide pillar pellets in aqueous solution

Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) process is an effective way to deal with organic pollutants in wastewater which could be difficult to be degraded by conventional biological treatment methods. Normally the TiO2 powder in nanometre size range was directly used as photocatalyst for dye degradation in wastewater. However the titanium dioxide powder was arduous to be recovered from the solution after treatment. In this application, a new form of TiO2(i. e. pillar pellets ranging from 2.5 to 5.3 mm long and with a diameter of 3.7 mm) was used and investigated for photocatalytic degradation of textile dye effluent. A test system was built with a flat plate reactor(FPR) and UV light source(blacklight and solar simulator as light source respectively) for investigating the effectiveness of the new form of TiO2. It was found that the photocatalytic process under this configuration could efficiently remove colours from textile dyeing effluent. Comparing with the TiO2 powder, the pellet was very easy to recovered from the treated solution and can be reused in multiple times without the significant change on the photocatalytic property. The results also showed that to achieve the same photocatalytic performance, the FPR area by pellets was about 91% smaller than required by TiO2 powder. At least TiO2 pellet could be used as an alternative form of photocatalyst in applications for textile effluent treatment process, also other wastewater treatment processes.     

3种染料化合物在UV-TiO2/H2O2和UV-TiO2体系中的光催化降解研究

采用自制的TiO2膜和平板式固定床型光催化氧化反应装置,对甲基橙、茜素红和罗丹明B 3种含有不同生色基团的染料化合物进行了TiO2光催化氧化降解研究,通过对照测定降解过程中吸光度、电导率、pH的变化,分析了在加入和不加入H2O22种情况下降解过程的异同,比较了3种染料化合物脱色的难易程度,揭示了降解产物中无机离子的变化规律及某些可能的产物类型.     

太阳光催化氧化工艺对藻源含氮有机物的降解研究

利用小试试验研究了太阳光/TiO2体系对铜绿微囊藻细胞内的溶解性有机氮(DON)的氧化降解过程,考察了氧化降解过程中总可溶性蛋白、多糖、UV254等指标的变化,分析了其作用机理.结果表明,7h处理后,太阳光/TiO2体系对水样中的DON降解率为29%,且降解过程中TN含量基本没有变化,而NH4+和NO3-的浓度明显增加;氧化过程中,总可溶性蛋白和多糖的含量明显减少,去除率达48.6%和54.5%.水样的浑浊度、UV254和DOC也有不同程度的去除.     

稀土Ce3+掺杂Bi2WO6光催化降解罗丹明B的研究

采用水热合成法制备稀土元素Ce3+掺杂Bi2WO6光催剂,通过X射线衍射、场发射电镜扫描、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、N2物理吸附-脱附等手段对合成材料的结构、形貌、光吸收等物理化学性能进行表征,并以染料废水中罗丹明B的降解考察其光催化活性.结果表明,Ce3+掺杂量为0.05%时,其结晶度好、颗粒较均匀、具有较强的可见光吸收性能,且比表面积比纯Bi2WO6提高近10%以上,对罗丹明B的去除效果最好;催化剂用量越高、罗丹明B的初始浓度越低、反应溶液pH值越低、H2O2的浓度越高越有利于Ce/Bi2WO6对罗丹明B的吸附和降解;而阴阳离子的影响各不相同:NO3-、SO42-没有太大的影响; Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-的加入均促使的染料的去除;HCO3-抑制了罗丹明B的吸附,但是却促进了光降解.另外,经重复使用3次,光催化降解速率常数并没有降低,表明稀土Ce3+改性Bi2WO6是一种有效稳定的光催化剂.     

不同煅烧温度制备TiO_2及光解2-氯苯甲酸

为了考察煅烧温度对TiO2结构和光催化活性的影响,以酞酸丁酯作为前驱体,利用溶胶-凝胶法在不同煅烧温度下制备TiO2,并用亚甲基蓝测试其光催化活性。TG热重分析表明,450~700℃时TiO2有晶型变化,XRD表征说明,TiO2晶型受煅烧温度影响显著,其中450~600℃煅烧制备的TiO2为锐钛矿型,650℃煅烧时TiO2出现金红石晶型;亚甲基蓝光解实验结果表明,煅烧温度显著影响TiO2的光催化活性,其中,450~600℃煅烧TiO2对亚甲基蓝光解效果较好,光降解2.5h后降解率高达95%~97%;550℃煅烧制备的锐钛矿型TiO2对2-氯苯甲酸有一定光解催化效果,紫外光解4h后降解率高达80%左右,光解过程符合零级动力学模式。     

磁载纳米TiO2复合光催化材料的研究进展

磁载纳米TiO2复合光催化剂是一种无污染,制备成本低,催化活性高,在外加磁场下可迅速分离回收和重复使用的光催化材料,在废水的光催化降解中有着诱人的应用前景.本文综述了不同类型磁载纳米TiO2复合光催化材料的制备方法和光催化性能,总结了其在染料、农药、芳香烃及其衍生物、有害无机离子和有毒气体等各种环境污染物处理中的应用,并展望了磁载纳米TiO2复合光催化剂的发展方向.     

基于生态足迹理论的北京市生态盈亏平衡分析

利用生态足迹计算方法对北京市生态安全状况进行定量分析评价。以生态足迹计算模型为方法指导,计算出2005及2010年北京市生态足迹值、生态承栽力值及生态赤字盈余值,进而对北京市生态盈亏状况进行全面分析,对北京市可持续发展生态能力作出评价。总结“十一五”期间北京市实施的可持续发展政策所取得的显著成效,着重分析优化其能源消费结构及提高能源利用效率方面的成效,以及对弥补能源生态赤字所作的贡献。最后分析北京市生态赤字形成的主要原因,并针对各因素提出弥补北京市生态赤字的对策建议。