高效原油降解菌和内循环3-PBFB处理油田采出水的研究

在物理化学处理的基础上添加了生物处理部分，即三相生物流化床（3-PBFB）处理油田采出废水。采取了利用高效原油降解菌及漂浮填料、悬浮填料的强化处理措施，使废水出水含油量达到3.5-4.9mg/L，达到国家一级排放标准。     

三维电极方法降解模拟废水COD机理研究

采用细胞色素C法和Ti(Ⅳ ) 5 Br PADAP法证实了三维电极降解废水COD过程中有活性物质H2 O2 及·OH自由基的存在 ;采用红外光谱对废水处理前后的有机物结构进行了研究。并对三维电极方法降解废水COD的机理进行了探讨     

Effect of substituents in hydroxyl radical-mediated degradation of azo pyridone dyes: Theoretical approaches on the reaction mechanism

Understanding the degradation behavior of azo dyes in photocatalytic wastewater treatment is of fundamental and practical importance for their application in textile-processing and other coloration industries. In this study, quantum chemistry, as density functional theory, was used to elucidate different degradation pathways of azo pyridone dyes in a hydroxyl radical (HO^?)-initiated photocatalytic system. A series of substituted azo pyridone dyes were synthesized by changing the substituent group in the para position of the benzene moiety, ranging from strong electron-donating to strong electron-withdrawing groups. The effect of dye molecular structure on the photocatalytic degradation reaction mechanism was analyzed and quantification of substituent effects on the thermodynamic and kinetics parameters was performed. Potential energy surface analysis revealed the most susceptible reaction site for the HO^? attack. The calculated reaction barriers are found to be strongly affected by the nature of substituent group with a good correlation using Hammett σ_p constants and experimentally determined reaction rates. The stability of pre-reaction complexes and transition state complexes were analyzed applying the distortion-interaction model. The increased stability of the transition state complexes with the distancing from the substituent group has been established.     

零价铁预厌氧协同MFC强化降解吲哚性能与功能菌群分析

通过零价铁(ZVI)预厌氧与微生物燃料电池(MFC)的协同作用,研究其对单一基质碳源吲哚的降解特性、MFC产电性能及群落分析.结果表明:ZVI(4 g·L^-1)的预厌氧可明显促进吲哚(250 mg·L^-1)在MFC体系中的降解;其中吲哚与TOC在96 h内的降解率分别为97.17%和89.50%,且吲哚的降解符合一级反应动力学模型;体系中MFC最大输出电压和功率密度可达600 mV和439.55 mW·m^-2;通过LC-MS分析,吲哚在协同体系中的主要中间代谢产物为靛红和水杨酸.高通量测序结果表明,ZVI预厌氧体系的引入有利于MFC体系中梭菌(Clostridium sensu stricto)、链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.)、热单胞菌(Thermomonas)的富集与吲哚的厌氧降解;同时促进假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)和梭菌等在代谢过程中的电子转移,提高了MFC的产电性能.     

水中六氯苯的高级氧化降解机理及其动力学探讨

采用UV、O3、UV/O3高级氧化法对水中六氯苯(HCB)的降解效果及机理进行了研究.结果表明, UV本身对HCB的去除贡献率不大, HCB可被O3、UV/03快速降解,即UV相似文献   

川江流域的土壤退化与防治

川江流域地区土壤退化按肥力因素分类，并以专家系统确定的指标分类统计表明：土壤物理性退化中以水分不调、过砂和板结化较严重；土壤结构性退化中，以土层浅薄化较显著；土壤营养性退化中，以缺硼、钼、磷较突出，成因主要是生态脆弱、土壤侵蚀作用和过渡开发利用，据此提出了防治退化的基本措施。并从持续发展角度提出了适应该区土壤退化特点的持续农业系统。     

Land resources potential and sustainable land management: an overview

Land degradation continues to be a major threat to local and national food security. With limited potential to develop new land, any increase in agricultural production must be sought largely through the better use of land already under cultivation. Concerns for the global environment associated with agriculture worldwide have also increased in recent years and require more coordinated efforts at global and national levels with decentralisation of activities at the local level.
This article presents an overview of land resources potential for food production, the processes and extent of land degradation and its economic and environmental costs and impacts, and highlights some macro-economic policies and institutional measures for the prevention of land degradation and rehabilitation of degraded lands. A people-centred programme is presented as a basis for decentralising activities for sustainable land use and land management. Finally, the need for better coordinated efforts of concerned UN, multinational agencies and NGOs for the implementation of Agenda 21 and related conventions is stressed.     

Measurement of the biodegradation of starch-based materials by enzymatic methods and composting

The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of in vitro enzymatic methods for assaying the biodegradability of new starch-based biopolymers. The materials studied included commercial starch-based materials and thermoplastic starch films prepared by extrusion from glycerol and native potato starch, native barley starch, or crosslinked amylomaize starch. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using excessBacillus licheniformis -amylase andAspergillus niger glucoamylase at 37°C and 80°C. The degree of degradation was determined by measuring the dissolved carbohydrates and the weight loss of the samples. Biodegradation was also determined by incubating the samples in a compost environment and measuring the weight loss after composting. The results indicated that the enzymatic method is a rapid means of obtaining preliminary information about the biodegradability of starch-based materials. Other methods are needed to investigate more accurately the extent of biodegradability, especially in the case of complex materials in which starch is blended with other polymers.     

Chromatographic fingerprinting as a means to predict degradation mechanisms

The degradation products of polymers are identifiable by chromatography. The degradation product patterns (or fingerprints) formed depend on the type of polymer, the degradation mechanism(s), and also the type of additive present in the material. The chromatographic fingerprint of biotically aged degradable low-density polyethylene (i.e., LDPE+starch+prooxidant) shows, in particular, the absence of low molecular weight carboxylic acids, which suggests an assimilation of these carboxylic acids by the microorganisms. The degradation products of natural polymers are usually intermediates that are used again in the anabolic cycles. It is possible to transfer the terminology from the natural polymers, where the catabolism of natural polymers consists of three stages, and apply this also to the degradable synthetic polymers. During stage I the natural polymers degrade to their major building blocks (e.g., amino acids, glycerol, hexoses, pentoses, etc.), during stage II these products are collected and converted to a smaller number of even simpler molecules [e.g., acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA)]. In stage III, finally, the acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, where energy is gained in parallel with the release of CO₂ and H₂O.Presented at the international workshop,Polymers from Renewable Resources and their Degradation, Stockholm, Sweden, November 10–11, 1994.     

氯苯降解性质粒pL1限制性酶消化和物理图谱

大量提取Ｌ１菌质粒并用低熔点琼脂糖回收。用５种限制性核酸内切酶消化，所得片段数分别是：ＨｉｎｄⅢ４，ＢａｎＨⅠ１６，ＸｂａⅠ４，ＰｓｔⅠ１５，ＳｍａⅠ１２。从各片段的累加测出该质粒的平均大小约为９２．５ｋｂ，分子量为６０．０９×１０＾６ｄａｌｔｏｎ。在单酶消化的基础上，用ＨｉｎｄⅢ／ＸｂａⅠ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ／ＢａｎＨⅠ、ＸＢａⅠ／ＢａｎＨⅠ双酶消化，以及ＢａｍＨⅠ部分消化，由此组建了ＨｉｎｄⅢ／Ｘｂａ