2-氯苯甲酸好氧降解菌的降解特性

分离出 2株以 2 -氯苯甲酸为唯一碳源的细菌W1和W2 ,这 2株菌对 2 -氯苯甲酸的降解均表现为一级动力学反应。W1降解酶系为诱导酶 ,对 2 -氯苯甲酸的降解动力学常数为 -0 .1 34h- 1;W2降解酶系为非诱导酶 ,对 2 -氯苯甲酸的降解动力学常数为 -0 .0 388h- 1。W1还能够降解 4 -氯苯甲酸、苯、甲苯和邻苯二酚 ,但不能降解 3-氯苯甲酸、2 ,4 -二氯苯甲酸、乙苯、丙苯和萘。W1菌体质粒和染色体提取实验表明 ,其降解基因位于染色体上。     

Degradation of Benzo[a]Pyrene in Soil with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Alfalfa

Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was grown in pots containing soil artificially contaminated with various levels of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)(0, 1, 10 and 100 mg kg^–1). Soil and plants were sampled after 30, 40, 50, 60 and 90 days and compared with unlanted pots. The percentage of mycorrhizal root length colonized by Glomus caledoniun was not significantly affected by the addition of B[a]P up to 10 mg kg^–1 but was significantly lower at 100 mg kg^–1B[a]P compared with low concentrations (p < 0.05). There was no difference in soil polyphenol oxidase and dehydrogenase activity among the controls and applications of 1 and 10 mg kg^–1 of B[a]P. However, enzyme activities were significantly higher at 100 mg kg^–1B[a]P compared with the other three treatments, and there was no mycorrhizal effect. Over a period of 90 days the concentration of B[a]P in soil in which alfalfa was grown was significantly lower than in unplanted soil (p < 0.05). Degradation rates of B[a]P added at 1, 10 and 100 mg kg^–1 without G. caledonium were 76, 78 and 53%, and with mycorrhizal inoculation were 86, 87 and 57%. The degradation rate in unplanted soil was significantly lower than in planted soil, and was significantly higher in medium- and low-B[a]P treatments than in the high B[a]P concentration tested. There is a possibility of enhancement phytoremediation of PAHs in rhizosphere soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.     

阿特拉津降解菌的生长规律及降解特征的实验

应用了从农药厂阿特拉津生产车间污泥中分离出的菌种AT菌，进行了菌种生长曲线的测定，求得AT菌的对数期代时为3．87d，生长速率为0．258d^-1；不同基质浓度的降解实验表明，在农药污染质阿特拉津的低浓度体系中，AT菌降解阿特拉津的反应符合一级动力学模式，属于米氏方程曲线的第一阶段的情形，并拟合出关系式V＝0．064S。     

TiO2多孔纳米微粒的制备及其物性表征

首次利用高分子悬浮聚合与溶胶－凝胶法相结合的技术，成功地制备了具有中空结构的TiO2多孔微粒，并用X－Ray,SEM,自动气体吸附仪等手段对其物理性质进行了系统表征，在最优pH条件下制备的TiO2微粒比表面可达67.5m^2/g，平均粒径为2μm，孔体积为0.1cm^3/g。与商品纳米TiO2相比，其微米尺寸使其具有易于分离和重复使用等优点，晶粒的结构特点决定了其具有高催化活性。     

Forest cover dynamics in the Selva Maya of Central and Southern Quintana Roo,Mexico: deforestation or degradation?

ABSTRACT

Forest cover dynamics (1993-2018) was assessed in two regions on the Yucatan Peninsula: Zona Maya (ZM), 67% indigenous with shifting cultivation and community forestry; and Bacalar–Rio Hondo (BRH), mainly commercial agriculture and pastureland. Degradation (12,915 ha y^?1) exceeded deforestation (5882 ha y^?1) and was worse in BRH. In BRH there was a net forest loss (?1.6% y^?1) associated with pastureland and commercial agriculture. In ZM, mature forest recovery (1.4% y^?1) and dynamic forest cover (continuous loss and gain) were associated with shifting cultivation. Changes were more intense during 2011–2018 and gains of mature forest in ZM and deforested areas in BRH targeted secondary vegetation. Fragments of mature and secondary vegetation decreased, and connectivity improved in ZM, but opposite trends occurred in BRH. Reporting and monitoring deforestation using Global Forest Watch data is inadequate since 62% of forest cover loss represent degrading or recovering forest cover.     

耐盐(CaCl2)皂素废水降解菌的分离及特性

从湖北省某皂素生产废水池底污泥中分离出2株耐高盐（CaCl2）皂素废水降解菌，编号分别为B723—1和B723—3，并进行菌株的鉴定和生长特性以及不同盐度迫胁下胞内游离氨基酸、蛋白质、膜的相对透性的研究，结果发现：（1）菌株B723—1与扩展短杆菌的同源性为98．0％～99．0％，B723—3与松鼠葡萄球菌的同源性为98．0％～99．0％：（2）两菌株均能在0．0％～9．0％CaCl2范围内生长良好；（3）菌株B723—1和B723—3的适宜生长温度分别是20～35oC和25～37oC，两者均在pH7．0～10．0生长；（4）当耐盐菌株受到1．8％、3．6％、5．4％和9．0％CaCl2盐迫45min时，其胞内会迅速积累大量氨基酸来平衡外界的高盐渗透压，且其胞内蛋白质含量均高于对照组（未受盐迫），而其膜的相对通透性低于非耐盐菌株．图4表1参11.     

纳米TiO2薄膜光催化降解橡梳栲胶的研究

以Ti（OC4H9）4为原料，溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2薄膜，用原子力显微镜（AFM）观察了纳米TiO2薄膜的形貌，X-射线衍射（XRD）考察相同条件下粉体的相结构．研究水中橡梳栲胶的光催化降解行为．结果表明，橡梳栲胶的降解可用Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程来描述，即浓度较高时，栲胶降解液的光催化降解符合零级动力学方程；浓度较低时，栲胶降解液的光催化降解符合一级动力学方程．外加H2O2对橡梳栲胶的光催化降解有极大的促进作用，但这种促进作用会因为光生电子效率的影响而有一个极限值．在远离橡梳栲胶溶液等电点的起始pH值条件下光催化降解效果较好，且在碱性条件下的降解速率高于酸性条件下的降解速率。     

高寒草甸土地退化及其恢复重建对土壤碳氮含量的影响

针对我国青藏高原草地大面积退化及由此引发的一系列生态环境问题,从土壤生态功能恢复和区域可持续发展的角度出发,将原生高寒嵩草草甸封育系统作为对照,研究了土地退化对土壤碳氮含量的影响,检验了不同人工重建措施(3个人工种植处理:混播、松耙单播、翻耕单播和1个自然恢复处理)对土壤碳含量的相对影响程度。研究结果如下:原生植被封育处理每平方米土壤平均碳、氮含量分别为7.47kg和0.647kg,而重度退化地碳、氮含量分别为3.67和0.448kg·m-2,可以推算,由于土地退化而造成的土壤(0~20cm层)碳氮丢失量分别为3.80kg·m-2和0.199kg·m-2,即高寒草甸土地退化导致0~20cm土壤层中50.87%的有机碳和30.75%的氮流失,可以看出高寒草甸土壤退化后流失的碳比氮多;混播处理、松耙单播处理、翻耕单播处理和自然恢复处理土壤单位面积有机碳含量分别是原生植被土壤有机碳的70.5%,69.0%,49.0%和80%,单位面积氮含量分别是原生植被土壤全氮的86.9%,88.7%,71.1%和91.7%。但是,与重度退化地相比,除翻耕单播处理外,其它恢复重建措施均能部分恢复系统的碳氮含量,因此,将重度退化地进行自然恢复或松耙混播重建多年生植被可以作为系统固定碳(碳汇)的一个途径。     

高效染料降解真菌的分离及其在印染废水生物处理中的强化作用

用选择培养基从污水处理厂污泥中筛选出能降解3种染料(OrangeⅠ,OrangeⅡ和酸性大红)的菌株.通过梯度驯化,优选出1株适应能力强、活力旺盛的菌株F2,初步鉴定为腐霉菌.以OorangeⅡ为模式染料,比较不同培养基对降解的影响,发现PDA培养基最合适.通过对降解产物的紫外可见光谱分析,发现腐霉菌F2能彻底降解染料,并优先降解简单结构.另外通过用该菌株作为外源菌强化原染料废水处理的混合菌群,得到良好的处理效果.图5参10     

不同比例湿解产物在土壤中的物质变化及腐熟度

将经湿解工艺处理后的园林废物与土壤按1：3、1：5和1：10（湿质量）3种比例均匀混合作为实验物料，同时以自然土壤作为参照，研究了在田间条件下，不同浓度的湿解产物在土壤中的物质变化以及腐熟度。结果表明：在培养期间，3种比例混合物料的温度均接近于土壤对照样的温度，稍低于环境温度；pH值均略呈碱性，并随土壤浓度的增加而接近土壤对照样的pH值；ω（C）／ω（N）比、ω（水溶性有机碳WSC）／ω（有机态氮Norg）和ω（NH4^＋-N）／ω（NO3^--N）均随培养时间的增加而下降，而阳离子交换最（CEC）和CEC／ω（全C）恰好相反，并随湿解产物浓度的增加而增加，14d后，这些指标均接近土壤对照样的参数，实验结束时，均达腐熟。3种比例混合物料的种子发芽系数均大于80%，湿解产物浓度对种子发芽系数无明显抑制作用，湿解后的产物可直接安全应用于土壤中。