盐酸羟胺/铁基MOFs/过硫酸盐体系降解磺胺嘧啶

使用盐酸羟胺（HA）促进Fe （Ⅲ）/Fe （Ⅱ）循环,强化铁基金属有机骨架（Fe-MOFs）/过硫酸盐（PS）体系降解水中磺胺嘧啶（SDZ）.通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对Fe-MOFs进行结构和形貌的表征.探究了溶液初始pH值、PS浓度、Fe-MOFs投加量、HA浓度、SDZ浓度、共存离子、腐殖酸等对SDZ去除效果的影响,并考察了该体系的实际应用前景.结果表明,Fe-MOFs/PS/HA体系在较宽的初始pH值范围（3~6）内,对于SDZ的180min去除率可达到90.1%以上.适量的HA可以促进Fe-MOFs/PS体系降解SDZ的性能.自由基清扫实验和电子顺磁共振实验表明,Fe-MOFs/PS/HA体系降解SDZ的过程中产生了SO₄^-·、·OH、O₂^-·以及¹O₂.在本文考察范围内,Fe-MOFs/PS/HA体系对SDZ的降解性能随pH值（pH=3~6）升高逐渐下降;随着PS、HA、Fe-MOFs浓度的升高,SDZ去除率呈现率先上升后下降的趋势.氯离子、腐殖酸等因素对该体系应用于实际地表水存在负面作用,但HA可以强化该体系在自然环境下降解SDZ的效果.循环实验结果表明,Fe-MOFs具有良好的重复使用性,表现出了良好的应用潜力.     

东北黑土区典型地域耕地生态退化时空分异——以富锦市为例

耕地生态退化严重威胁黑土区耕地的可持续利用,明确其时空分异规律是提高黑土耕地产能实现农业可持续发展的重要科学命题。以东北黑土区典型地域富锦市为研究区,立足于耕地外部扰动变化所引发的环境胁迫与生态恢复,利用遥感驱动的多源环境胁迫监测模型、改进的CRITIC模型、优化的InVEST模型,明确二者间的作用结果,揭示研究区2000—2020年耕地生态退化的时空分异规律。研究结果表明：（1）研究区耕地外源环境胁迫强度整体偏低,呈现出以东部、西部、北部高,中部、南部低为主基调的时空分异格局;（2）研究区耕地內源生态恢复强度高于胁迫强度,表现出以西部—东部—中部梯度衰减的时空分异格局;（3）研究区共有968.12 km²耕地发生生态退化,展现出以团块状集中分布在研究区东部和中部,零星分布在其他区域的空间分异格局。研究明晰了多源环境胁迫/多源生态恢复之间的交互效应,实现了各耕地图斑对多种环境胁迫力和生态恢复力的动态敏感度测算,进一步刻画出了生态退化过程,测度结果与现实耕地利用强度吻合,为准确诊断黑土区耕地生态退化提供了理论参考和技术支撑。     

共代谢条件下荧蒽降解菌的差异蛋白质组学分析

以课题组筛选出的多环芳烃高效降解菌--蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)DQ01菌株为研究对象,以荧蒽为目标污染物,以牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基(LB培养基)为共代谢基质,基于同位素相对和绝对定量技术(iTRAQ)比较细菌在无机盐培养基(MSM培养基)和MSM-LB培养环境中降解荧蒽的全蛋白表达水平,旨在揭示蜡样芽孢杆菌在共代谢过程中分子代谢水平上的变化.结果共检测到64个差异表达蛋白质,其中上调表达的蛋白质有28个,下调表达的蛋白质36个.鉴定到差异蛋白的功能集中在代谢、应激反应、信息传递和调控等方面,同时对比KEGG通路富集分析的结果,也显示细菌有关能量代谢和信息传递、调控的通路产生的变化.比较细菌在是否处于共代谢下的差异蛋白表达,推测细菌在降解多环芳烃过程中的关键环节是小分子代谢和适应外界环境的通路.     

长期冻融循环下固化铅锌镉复合重金属污染土抗剪强度及浸出特征研究

为了评估长期冻融循环后(最长90d (次))固化复合重金属污染土的的抗剪强度及浸出特征,采用水泥、生石灰和粉煤灰按比例混合的复合固化剂固化/稳定化铅锌镉复合重金属污染土进行三轴压缩试验及毒性特征浸出程序试验.结果表明,固化污染土体的内摩擦角仅在冻融循环3次内有明显增加,增加率高达96.3%;粘聚力在冻融循环30次内总体趋势不断下降,之后无显著变化,最终下降率达到54.23%;Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺浸出浓度与冻融循环次数呈正比;EC值与冻融循环次数在总体上正相关;长期冻融循环作用后浸出液的pH值降低.并通过扫描电子显微镜,进一步探究长期冻融循环下固化污染土抗剪强度及浸出特征的劣化机理,结果显示在冻融循环后期固化土体内生成了大量的延迟钙矾石,这些延迟钙矾石在形成过程中的膨胀作用是引起抗剪强度损失、重金属浸出浓度升高的主要原因.     

Improving of photocatalytic activity of barium ferrate via bismuth and copper co-doping for degradation of paracetamol under visible light irradiation

Nanosized Ba_{1- x}Bi_xFe_1-xCu_xO₃（12–50 nm） with x values of 0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 system was prepared using the Pechini method. Structural, morphological, surface and optical characterizations were performed for the prepared samples. Cubic phase was the predominant phase for the undoped BaFeO₃ and Bi and Cu co-doped BaFeO₃ samples. Minor phases of monoclinic Ba₂Fe₂O₅, orthorhombic BaFe     

基于性能参数退化的发动机推进剂加速退化试验建模

目的 针对某火箭弹发动机推进剂加速退化试验数据,建立性能参数退化模型,分别基于最大伸长率和最大抗拉强度等不同参数,计算推进剂的激活能和不同温度下的加速因子。方法 建立基于退化轨迹的性能参数退化模型,对发动机推进剂进行加速退化试验建模,利用最小二乘法计算性能变化参数,利用阿伦尼斯模型计算加速模型的参数,并得到激活能和加速因子。结果 针对推进剂加速试验数据,给出推进剂激活能和不同温度下加速因子的计算方法。采用基于退化轨迹的性能参数退化模型,可有效评估推进剂的寿命。结论 该方法可有效地对推进剂加速试验数据进行建模,给出激活能和加速因子,更能反映推进剂的寿命特征,为寿命评估提供支撑。     

有机生活垃圾多组分联合厌氧降解产甲烷性能研究

为了阐明生活垃圾多组分的混合对其厌氧降解产气性能的影响,通过在中温（37±1）℃下对餐厨类、纸类和园林类垃圾组分进行单独和联合厌氧降解产甲烷实验,研究接种物来源对单组分和多组分物料厌氧降解产甲烷性能的影响,应用修正的Gompertz模型拟合和分析物料产甲烷过程动力学特征,并借鉴和发展评价混合物料联合厌氧降解性能的量化指标方法.试验与模型拟合结果均表明：接种物来源对各组分及其组合的厌氧生物可降解程度无显著影响,但对其降解速率存在明显影响.此外,尽管物料的混合对试验初期物料降解产甲烷速率存在促进作用,但仅有3组分混合试验组在最终累计甲烷产率方面表现出显著的协同促进,在2种接种物条件下,相比于3组分单独降解的甲烷产率分别增长了16%和14%.     

排板式介质阻挡放电等离子体降解苯的研究

考察了自制排板式等离子发生器对不同进气条件(进气浓度、进气流量和进气湿度)下含苯气的降解效果。结果表明,苯降解率随进气浓度和进气流量的提高而降低,但在高进气浓度和高进气流量下,苯降解率仍保持在50%以上。苯降解率在进气湿度约30%时达到最大值,过低和过高的进气湿度都不利于苯的降解。采用多级串联可提高等离子发生器对高进气浓度和高进气流量的适应能力,4级串联较单级时的苯降解率最高可提高39%。排板式等离子体发生器可作为未来等离子体发生器工业化的重点研发对象。     

Preparation of porous semi-IPN temperature-sensitive hydrogel-supported nZVI and its application in the reduction of nitrophenol

Nanoscale zero-valent iron(n ZVI) particles supported on a porous, semi-interpenetrating(semi-IPN), temperature-sensitive composite hydrogel(PNIPAm-PHEMA). n ZVI@PNIPAmPHEMA, was successfully synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, SEM, EDS, XRD and the weighing method. The loading of nZVI was 0.1548 ± 0.0015 g/g and the particle size was30–100 nm. NZVI was uniformly dispersed on the pore walls inside the PNIPAm-PHEMA.Because of the well-dispersed n ZVI, the highly porous structure, and the synergistic effect of PNIPAm-PHEMA, nZVI@PNIPAm-PHEMA showed excellent reductive activity and wide p H applicability. 95% of 4-NP in 100 m L of 400 mg/L 4-NP solution with initial p H 3.0–9.0 could be completely reduced into 4-AP by about 0.0548 g of fresh supported n ZVI at 18–25 °C under stirring(110 r/min) within 45 min reaction time. A greater than 99% 4-NP degradation ratio was obtained when the initial p H was 5.0–9.0. The reduction of 4-NP by nZVI@PNIPAm-PHEMA was in agreement with the pseudo-first-order kinetics model with Kobsvalues of 0.0885–0.101 min-1.NZVI@PNIPAm-PHEMA was able to be recycled, and about 85% degradation ratio of 4-NP was obtained after its sixth reuse cycle. According to the temperature sensitivity of PNIPAmPHEMA, n ZVI@PNIPAm-PHEMA exhibited very good storage stability, and about 88.9%degradation ratio of 4-NP was obtained after its storage for 30 days. The hybrid reducer was highly efficient for the reduction of 2-NP, 3-NP, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol and 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol. Our results suggest that PNIPAm-PHEMA could be a good potential carrier, with n ZVI@PNIPAm-PHEMA having potential value in the application of reductive degradation of nitrophenol pollutants.     

Enrichment of thermophilic and mesophilic microbial consortia for efficient degradation of corn stalk

Six different environmental samples were applied to enrich microbial consortia for efficient degradation of corn stalk,under the thermophilic and mesophilic conditions.The consortium obtained from anaerobic digested sludge under thermophilic condition(TC-Y)had the highest lignocellulose-degrading activity.The CO_2yield was 246.73 m L/g VS in23 days,meanwhile,the maximum CO_2production rate was 15.48 mL/(CO_2·d),which was28.75%and 52.27%higher than that under mesophilic condition,respectively.The peak value of cellulase activity reached 0.105 U/mL,which was at least 34.61%higher than the other groups.In addition,49.5%of corn stalk was degraded in 20 days,moreover,the degradation ratio of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin can reach 52.76%,62.45%and42.23%,respectively.Microbial consortium structure analysis indicated that the TC-Y contained the phylum of Gemmatimonadetes,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,Planctomycetes,Firmicutes,and Proteobacteria.Furthermore,the Pseudoxanthomonas belonging to GammaProteobacteria might be the key bacterial group for the lignocellulose degradation.These results indicated the capability of degrading un-pretreated corn stalk and the potential for further investigation and application of TC-Y.