金属板料成形摩擦机理研究

对不锈钢板料和碳钢在金属塑性成形时 (高接触压力 )的摩擦机理进行了实验研究 ,分析了压力对滑动阻力和摩擦系数的影响 ,得出了随压力增大摩擦系数逐渐变小的结论 ,从而为应用有限元法进行板料成形过程中塑性变形的计算机模拟提供真实的边界条件打下了基础。     

生物法净化废气中低浓度挥发性有机物的过程机理研究

 针对生物法净化低浓度挥发性有机废气的过程机理研究表明，生物膜填料塔净化低浓度甲苯气体是一个以气膜控制为主的传质过程，其中甲苯的生化降解属于瞬时快速化学反应，即甲苯的生化降解反应速率远远超过甲苯在液膜中的扩散速率，甲苯的生化降解在气液相界面处即可发生，其宏观表现即为甲苯气体直接吸附在润湿的生物膜上后迅速被微生物生化降解。因此，可以从气体吸附理论的新角度去解释生物法净化废气中低浓度挥发性有机物的动力学过程。对于低浓度挥发性有机废气的生物法净化装置的设计与操作而言，凡能改善传质条件、减少气膜阻力的措施均能强化这一生物吸收净化过程。     

阳离子絮凝剂研制

介绍了一种阳离子絮凝剂的研制情况。用该絮凝剂对几种污水进行混凝处理，加药后生成的絮体大，沉降速度快，处理后水清澈度高。同时，用日立Ｈ－３００扫描电镜对絮体形态进行了观察，对阳离子絮凝剂的作用机理进行了初步探讨。     

超临界水氧化技术处理有机废水的研究

超临界水是处理难氧化有机污染物的一种很好媒介,因为在超临界状态下有机污染物和氧化剂能够互溶而加快反应速度,具有去除率高,反应时间短且无污染等特点,因而受到了越来越多的关注。本文主要概述了超临界水氧化的特点、机理、工艺流程和存在的问题,介绍了当前超临界水氧化处理难降解污染物的效果、动力学、催化剂研究等情况,并展望了其应用前景。     

人工湿地净化处理废水的机理探讨与效果研究

主要介绍人工湿地的特点和处理废水的机理,包括人工湿地的类型、构建方式、净化机理与工艺流程等.通过分析人工湿地的应用实例,总结出人工湿地处理废水具有应用广泛、投资低廉、综合效益高的重要特点,提出目前人工湿地存在使用寿命较短并且受环境条件影响大等主要问题,在此基础上讨论了现阶段人工湿地的研究状况并指出人工湿地在污水处理方面仍有广阔应用前景.     

对废旧物资回收业的管理政策分析

如何从源头做到城市生活垃圾减量化、资源化和无害化，实现物资回收再利用，获得物资回收在经济和环境效益的和谐统一，一直是理论界和现实生活中一个长期争论的问题。从政策管理的角度出发，尝试找到一个实现个人利益和政府管理角色和谐统一的方法，以期能通过政策管理，利用经济手段，从源头实现城市生活垃圾的减量化、资源化和无害化。     

干旱区绿洲系统生态-生产-生活承载力相互作用的驱动机制分析

绿洲系统承载力是生态承载力、生产承载力与生活承载力3种承载力相互耦合的产物。绿洲系统生态-生产-生活承载力相互作用的驱动机制主要通过水资源、投资和人口三大核心因子的驱动进行,实现水资源生态效益、经济效益与社会效益最大化的内在驱动,决定着绿洲系统生态-生产-生活承载力的最佳组合方式。在边际效益递减规律约束下,投资分配的最佳比例取决于单位投资效益的差异。人口通过改变核心驱动因子---水资源与投资的稀缺程度,在绿洲系统生态-生产-生活承载力相互作用驱动机制中起着双重作用。     

CLIMATE CHANGE AND NATURAL HAZARDS IN NORTHERN CANADA: INTEGRATING INDIGENOUS PERSPECTIVES WITH GOVERNMENT POLICY

A study of the relationship between natural hazards and climate change in the international context provides the background for a discussion of the expected changes. In the context of this global discussion, this paper reviews the current perspectives of those natural hazards that are likely to be influenced by climate change, using northern Canada as a regional case study. The northern implications of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are examined, including the status of climate change action by the northern territorial governments, the evolving role of indigenous people, and the responsibility for climate change impacts. The difficulties surrounding natural hazards research in remote locations, and the approaches of indigenous people to natural hazards are then presented. The paper concludes with a suggested policy approach for climate change and natural hazards in northern Canada, underscoring the need for more comprehensive adaptive strategies to complement the current tendency to focus on the mitigation of greenhouse gases produced in this region.     

The 'who' and 'what' of training far disaster relief

This paper defines the various levels within government, the voluntary agencies and the community which might benefit from training and makes suggestions as to where the emphasis should be placed. It points out that training programmes should be designed to meet the expressed needs of a particular group of trainees as well as be related to the current or potential disaster situation.     

Counter-disaster training in developing countries

This paper discusses both the need for training within a wider context of community disaster preparedness and the major alternatives in methods of training. Emphasis is placed on the importance of compatibility between the resources within a given country and appropriate training programmes.