Fe(Ⅱ)活化过硫酸钠深度处理工业园区污水处理厂出水

采用Fe(Ⅱ)活化过硫酸钠(PS)技术对工业园区污水处理厂出水进行深度处理,通过响应曲面法考察了PS/COD、Fe(Ⅱ)/PS和pH对COD和TOC去除率的单独和联合效应.利用紫外-可见扫描、凝胶色谱及三维荧光等手段表征深度处理前后的有机物特性变化.结果表明,PS/COD和Fe(Ⅱ)/PS对COD去除影响极显著;而PS/COD、Fe(Ⅱ)/PS和pH对TOC去除均有显著影响.PS/COD和pH联合效应对COD去除影响显著.最优工艺条件PS/COD比3.47、Fe(Ⅱ)/PS比3.32、pH 6.5时,COD和TOC去除率为50.7%和60.6%.Fe(Ⅱ)-PS氧化能将大分子有机物转化为小分子,削减类蛋白质、类富里酸和类腐殖酸的含量.     

NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS IN SEDIMENTS AS AFFECTED BY CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS1

ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to elucidate some of the chemical factors affecting the rate and pathways of N transformations in lake sediments. The main emphasis was placed on modifying a noncalcareous sediment with CaCO₃ to approximate the composition of a calcareous sediment. Additionally, the effects of Ca²⁺, CO₃^2-, Mg2⁺ and OH^- were evaluated by using appropriate chemicals. Further, the effect of aluminum sulfate was evaluated with both sediment types. Sediment pH at 7 days was not affected by CaCO₃, but was decreased by aluminum sulfate. The CaCO₃ treatment increased the rate of ammonification, nitrification, reduction of acetylene to ethylene and methane formation, while with few exceptions the other treatments decreased the rate of the transformations studied. Aluminum sulfate, which has been proposed as a lake restoration treatment, increased ammonification but decreased most of the other transformations.     

产酸脱硫反应器中碳硫比对群落生态特征的影响

通过产酸脱硫反应器处理高浓度含硫酸盐废水的连续流试验,从群落动态的角度研究碳硫比(COD/SO₄^2-)从4.2降低到2.0的过程中,pH值、氧化还原电位(ORP)、碱度(ALK)和末端产物(VFAs)组成、优势种群分布等群落生态特征的变化规律试验证明,在此过程中ORP和ALK提高,而pH值和VFAs中乙酸的分布比例降低,群落类型由高碳硫比稳定型转化为低碳硫比亚稳定型,但仍未改变乙酸型顶极群落的典型特征.     

Ammonium nitrate thermal decomposition with additives

Runaway reactions present a potentially serious threat to the chemical process industry and the community; such reactions occur time and time again often with devastating consequences. The main objective of this research is to study the root causes associated with ammonium nitrate (AN) explosions during storage. The research focuses on AN fertilizers and studies the effects of different types of fertilizer compatible additives on AN thermal decomposition. Reactive Systems Screening Tool (RSST) has been used for reactivity evaluation and to better understand the mechanisms that result in explosion hazards. The results obtained from this tool have been reported in terms of parameters such as “onset” temperature, rate of temperature and pressure rise and maximum temperature. The runaway behavior of AN has been studied as a solid and solution in water. The effect of additives such as sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) and potassium chloride (KCl) has also been studied. Multiple tests have been conducted to determine the characteristics of AN decomposition accurately. The results show that the presence of sodium sulfate can increase the “onset” temperature of AN decomposition thus acting as AN thermal decomposition inhibitor, while potassium chloride tends to decrease the “onset” temperature thus acting as AN thermal decomposition promoter.     

三江平原典型湿地的土壤植物总硫及水中硫酸盐的分布特征

以三江平原的3种主要沼泽类型——小叶樟沼泽、乌拉苔草沼泽、毛果苔草沼泽为研究对象,对其土壤和植物中的总硫质量分数及水中硫酸盐质量分数进行分析。3种沼泽土壤总硫质量分数的顺序为小叶樟沼泽(622.4 mg/kg)<乌拉苔草沼泽(820.5 mg/kg)<毛果苔草沼泽(1022.4 mg/kg);植物总硫质量分数的顺序为小叶樟(1638.5 mg/kg)<乌拉苔草(1796.9 mg/kg)<毛果苔草(1892.8 mg/kg);水中硫酸盐的质量分数为小叶樟沼泽(1.69 mg/kg)<乌拉苔草沼泽(1.81 mg/kg)<毛果苔草沼泽(2.00 mg/kg)。并探讨了典型湿地生态系统中硫质量分数的影响因素。     

聚硫氯化铝絮凝效果及在水处理中的应用

采用聚硫氯化铝（ＰＡＣＳ）为絮凝剂进行废水处理试验,对其絮凝效果及影响因素进行了研究,试验结果表明,ＰＡＣＳ的ＳＯ４＾２－含量,碱化度,投加量和水的ｐＨ对絮凝效果有影响,当Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ４＾２－（摩尔比）为１４￣１６,碱化度为６５％￣７０％,ｐＨ为６￣９、ＰＡＣＳ投加量为２￣４ｍｇ／Ｌ时,絮凝效果最佳,试验结果还表明,ＰＡＣＳ比聚氯化铝（ＰＡＣ）的絮凝效果好。     

钛白副产硫酸亚铁的综合利用研究

以钛白副产硫酸亚铁、氯化钾和氨水为原料，采用硫酸钾铵法制取硫酸钾。实验结果表明，该工艺生产的产品，其质量达到ZBG-21006-89国家标准，且此工艺流程简单、操作方便、条件易控制，无二次污染。     

等度洗脱快速分离SO4^2-、PO4^3-的新方法和

多聚磷酸盐在分离柱上保留能力强，不易洗脱，因此采用离子色谱分析测定多聚磷酸盐时大多采用梯度淋洗的方法，实现多聚磷酸盐、硫酸盐的分离。具体方法为采用美国戴安ICS-1000型离子色谱仪，METROSEP A Supp 5 100型分离柱，36mmol LiOH＋2％乙腈的淋洗液等度淋洗；进样20μL，流速0．7mL／min，8min内实现SO4^2-：PO4^3-和P2O7^4-的完全分离，保留时间分别为3．9，4．9和6．4min；检出限分别为4、11和17ng／L；加标回收率分别为96．88％，96．41％和98．48％。     

糖蜜酒精废水厌氧可生化性实验研究

采用自制的球形反应器对糖蜜酒精废水进行厌氧可生化性研究.实验持续了40 d,CODcr从38 652 mg·L-1下降到6 094 mg·L-1,总去除率达84.23%.说明糖蜜酒精废水的厌氧可生化性较好;硫酸盐浓度由最初的3 860 mg·L-1下降到470 mg·L-1,去除率为87.82%.同时,有机污染物的去除高峰期比其硫酸盐延迟了2～4 d,说明可以通过控制运行反应条件和参数,对该废水采用两相厌氧处理工艺,在产酸相提前去除大部分的硫酸盐,减弱高浓度硫酸盐对厌氧反应的抑制作用.     

砷华生产废渣中硫的回收利用研究

高温下氧化焙烧细磨后的砷华生产废渣，利用软锰矿浆吸收产生的SO2气体，吸收液经净化除杂、浓缩结晶等工序可制备工业产品硫酸锰。适宜的焙烧条件如下：焙烧温度为650℃，焙烧时间为60min，废渣粒度为-97μm。选择合适的吸收工艺，Mn的浸出率可达96．20％，此时SO2脱除率为87．20％。