多孔炭/硅胶复合吸附剂吸附除铬(Ⅵ)研究

用静态吸附法研究了吸附条件对多孔炭/硅胶复合吸附剂的吸附除铬(Ⅵ)性能的影响,这些条件包括接触时间、溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、初始溶液浓度和吸附温度等。结果表明多孔炭/硅胶是有效的吸附除铬(Ⅵ)材料,除铬(Ⅵ)过程强烈依赖于溶液pH值,优化的pH值为2.3,在此pH下有部分铬(Ⅵ)被还原。吸附剂用量、吸附温度、初始溶液浓度等也影响吸附过程。20h可以达到吸附平衡。吸附等温线可以用Langmuir方程描述。     

基于分子发光的新型多孔塑料光纤传感探头的研究

1　IntroductionOpticalfiberchemicalsensor,whichisdevelopedfromthecombinationofoptical fiberwave guidetechniqueandhighlysensitivemolecularluminescentanalyticalmethod ,hasshownagoodapplicationprospectinenvironmentalauto monitoring .Thefabricationofsensingprobeisthekeytechniqueforopticalfiberchemicalsensor.Althoughconventionalopticalfiberprobes,suchassensingmembraneetal.[1 ]hadbeengreatlydevelopedrecently ,therearestillmanyvitalproblemsneedstobesolved .Suchas (1)theamountofphotosensitiveindicator…     

Transport of a non-volatile contaminant in unsaturated porous media in the presence of colloids

Stable colloidal particles can travel long distances in subsurface environments and carry particle-reactive contaminants with them to locations further than predicted by the conventional advective-dispersive transport equation. When such carriers exist in a saturated porous medium, the system can be idealized as consisting of three phases: an aqueous phase, a carrier phase, and a stationary solid matrix phase. However, when colloids are present in an unsaturated porous medium, the system representation should include one more phase, i.e. the air phase. In the work reported, a mathematical model was developed to describe the transport and fate of the colloidal particles and a non-volatile contaminant in unsaturated porous media. The model is based on mass balance equations in a four-phase porous medium. Colloid mass transfer mechanisms among aqueous, solid matrix, and air phases, and contaminant mass transfer between aqueous and colloid phases are represented by kinetic expressions. Governing equations are non-dimensionalized and solved to investigate colloid and contaminant transport in an unsaturated porous medium. A sensitivity analysis of the transport model was utilized to assess the effects of several parameters on model behavior. The colloid transport model matches successfully with experimental data of Wan and Wilson. The presence of air-water interface retards the colloid transport significantly counterbalancing the facilitating effect of colloids. However, the retardation of contaminant transport by colloids is highly dependent on the properties of the contaminant and the colloidal surface.     

Description of sorbing tracers transport in fractured media using the lattice model approach

The transport of contaminants in fractured media is a complex phenomenon with a great environmental impact. It has been described with several models, most of them based on complex partial differential equations, that are difficult to apply when equilibrium and nonequilibrium dynamics are considered in complex boundaries. With the aim of overcoming this limitation, a combination of two lattice Bathnagar, Gross and Krook (BGK) models, derived from the lattice Boltzmann model, is proposed in this paper. The fractured medium is assumed to be a single fissure in a porous rock matrix. The proposed approach permits us to deal with two processes with different length scales: advection-dispersion in the fissure and diffusion within the rock matrix. In addition to the mentioned phenomena, sorption reactions are also considered. The combined model has been tested using the experimental breakthrough curves obtained by Garnier et al. (Garnier, J.M., Crampon, N., Préaux, C., Porel, G., Vreulx, M., 1985. Tra?age par 13C, 2H, I- et uranine dans la nappe de la craie sénonienne en écoulement radial convergent (Béthune, France). J. Hidrol. 78, 379-392.) giving acceptable results. A study on the influence of the lattice BGK models parameters controlling sorption and matrix diffusion on the breakthrough curves shape is included.     

Efficient capture of aqueous humic acid using a functionalized stereoscopic porous activated carbon based on poly(acrylic acid)/food-waste hydrogel

Stereoscopic porous carbons have shown good potential in humic acid (HA) removal. In this work, a novel stereoscopic porous activated carbon (SPAC) was designed and synthesized via the self-assembly of a hydrogel based on food waste during in-situ polymerization, vacuum drying, carbonization, and activation. Then, the SPAC was functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and the adsorption behavior of the modified SPAC (SPAC-NH₂) was studied systematically. The effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration of HA, and adsorbent dose were investigated, showing that optimal HA removal efficiency (> 98.0%) could be achieved at an initial HA concentration of 100?mg/L. The experimental adsorption isotherm data was fitted to the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 156.0?mg?HA/g SPAC-NH₂. Analysis of the mechanism indicated that the removal of HA was mainly realized through the amidization reaction between the COOH groups of HA and the NH₂ groups of APTES. All of the above results showed that SPAC-NH₂ powder is an efficient, eco-friendly, and reusable adsorbent which is suitable for the removal of HA from wastewater.     

可见光响应漂浮式微球光催化剂及其光降解模拟海水中苯酚

为了将光催化技术应用于有机物污染海水的治理,本文首先利用水热还原得到了具有可见光响应的还原商用P25光催化剂,而后将还原后的P25作为活性组分负载在透明的有机玻璃空心微球表面,制成漂浮式微球光催化剂.还原后的P25的表征结果表明,水热条件下金属还原作用会将P25中少量Ti~(4+)还原成Ti~(3+),同时催化剂表面还形成了无序化-内部结晶的核壳结构.这两种结构变化都会显著拓展还原P25催化剂的可见光响应.含苯酚模拟污染海水的光降解实验发现,降解低浓度苯酚时,漂浮型微球光催化剂显示了优异的降解效率,降解5 h的去除率达到了95%以上.由于还原P25光催化剂的稳定性并且漂浮式微球光催化剂能简易回收,在多次重复实验中微球光催化剂都可以保持较高的催化活性.     

泡沫镍负载TiO_2光催化降解丙酮研究

以10W直管紫外杀菌灯为光源,固定在泡沫镍上的TiO2为催化剂,研究了低沸点有机小分子污染物的光催化降解行为。以丙酮为光催化降解对象,结果表明丙酮的降解符合准一级动力学方程,并研究了多种因素对丙酮的光催化降解的影响,并对实验现象加以解释。实验还对类似于丙酮的低沸点有机污染物,设计了一种新颖的光催化反应器。     

地幔流体的迁移及影响因素

地幔交代作用实质上是地幔流体与围岩的作用结果 ,对地幔流体迁移方式的研究有助于对地幔交代现象的理解。地幔流体的迁移以平衡孔隙流动 (equilibrium porousflow)和扩散作用为主 ,本文探讨了其迁移的动力学过程 ,温度和压力是最重要的外界控制因素。     

利用多孔陶珠固定化微生物细胞处理印染废水的研究

用自制多孔陶珠载体固定脱色混合菌,在不同pH、温度、增补营养浓度、固定化细胞与废水比率等条件对印染废水的脱色进行了试验.在最适条件下进行填充柱式反应器作扩大处理印染废水,脱色效果良好.     

露天料场防风抑尘网作用效果数值模拟研究

对某露天料场在常年主导风速的情况下,数值模拟分析了其在有无防风抑尘网及不同网高条件下的工况。结果表明,防风抑尘网对风流导致的粉尘扩散有良好的控制作用,在网高约为料堆高度1.1~1.3倍时,综合效果最佳。