含预制缺陷PLA蜂窝加筋结构承载力分析

目的 分析不同加筋构型及预制缺陷形式对蜂窝加筋结构抗弯承载能力的影响。方法 以热塑性PLA为基材,通过增材制造技术,制备含预制缺陷蜂窝加筋结构试件,考虑缺陷的长度、数量、深度、方向等因素,采用三点弯曲实验方式,并结合有限元仿真结果进行综合分析。结果 实验得到了结构的位移-荷载关系及破坏情况。线弹性变形阶段,实验与仿真拟合良好,该阶段内,六边构型PLA蜂窝加筋曲板结构承载能力整体优于正六边结构,但后者在后屈曲阶段的残余承载能力更好,且更不易发生断裂。相较于缺陷长度,缺陷深度和缺损肋壁数量对结构承载力的影响更为显著。缺陷方向越趋近宽度方向,结构承载能力越低。结论 实际工程中,应尽可能避免结构中间承载位置处横向加筋肋壁出现缺损,并充分利用正六边与内六边构型蜂窝加筋结构各自的承载优点。     

多孔介质内H2S贫氧燃烧制氢数值模拟

为探索H2S在多孔介质内超绝热缺氧燃烧裂解制氢的机理,采用流体力学数值模拟与化学动力学研究相结合的方法,使用一个17组分、57步的复杂化学反应机理,模拟了H2S在直径为3 mm的Al2O3圆球堆积的多孔燃烧反应器内的缺氧燃烧制氢过程,模拟结果与试验数据基本吻合.模拟结果显示:富燃条件下,多孔介质内H2S的燃烧温度超过了绝热燃烧温度,为H2S的裂解制硫、制氢提供了高温环境,H2S部分裂解生成单质硫和氢气,从而实现了对硫化氢中的硫和氢同时利用的目的.     

基于Fluent软件的尾矿坝体渗流污染模拟研究

简要分析尾矿渗流污染过程,尾矿坝体是主要渗流治理对象,运用传质原理,引入尾矿废水与污染物之间的曳力系数,提出污染物传质速度与废水速度计算公式,进而改进浸润线计算公式,利用Gambit软件建立了尾矿坝渗流的二维几何模拟模型,将尾矿坝内部的尾粉砂和尾粉土理化特性常数输入Fluent模拟多孔介质模式,模拟废水在其中的流动状态,对比分析污染物在尾矿坝的污染情况.依据模拟结果,分析了尾矿坝废水速度场和压力场,结合公式推测污染情况和浸润线变化.     

多孔介质表面化学异质性对胶体运移的影响

研究胶体在饱和多孔介质中的迁移行为在污染物迁移、环境修复等领域具有重要意义.本文通过对比胶体在未酸洗和酸洗过的玻璃珠中的迁移行为来探究多孔介质表面异质性对胶体迁移的影响,并通过扩展DLVO理论来计算每一组中胶体与多孔介质的相互作用能.结果表明,不论在有利环境还是在不利环境下,多孔介质表面的化学杂质均会提高胶体的吸附能力,这主要归因于胶体在初级势阱中的吸附.不利环境下,多孔介质表面的化学杂质能够将不利环境转化为有利环境,而在有利环境下,化学杂质的存在可能提高胶体的单一拦截效率(η_0).此外,研究发现,高pH溶液仍然能使胶体从多孔介质表面解吸下来,并且沥滤作用仍被低估.本研究对化学杂质在胶体迁移过程中所扮演的角色有了进一步的认识,可为胶体迁移行为研究提供实验依据.     

Concurrent adsorption and reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) using nitrogen-doped porous carbon adsorbent derived from loofah sponge

• A high-efficiency N-doped porous carbon adsorbent for Cr(VI) was synthesized. • The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) reached up to 285.71 mg/g at 318K. • The potential mechanism for Cr(VI) adsorption by NHPC was put forward. • DFT analyzed the adsorption energy and interaction between NHPC and Cr(VI). To develop highly effective adsorbents for chromium removal, a nitrogen-doped biomass-derived carbon (NHPC) was synthesized via direct carbonation of loofah sponge followed by alkali activation and doping modification. NHPC possessed a hierarchical micro-/mesoporous lamellar structure with nitrogen-containing functional groups (1.33 at%), specific surface area (1792.47 m²/g), and pore volume (1.18 cm³/g). NHPC exhibited a higher Cr(VI) adsorption affinity than the HPC (without nitrogen doping) or the pristine loofah sponge carbon (LSC) did. The influence of process parameters, including pH, dosage, time, temperature, and Cr(VI) concentration, on Cr(VI) adsorption by NHPC were evaluated. The Cr(VI) adsorption kinetics matched with the pseudo-second-order model (R²≥0.9983). The Cr(VI) adsorption isotherm was fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model, which indicated the maximum Cr(VI) adsorption capacities: 227.27, 238.10, and 285.71 mg/g at 298K, 308K, and 318K, respectively. The model analysis also indicated that adsorption of Cr(VI) on NHPC was a spontaneous, endothermal, and entropy-increasing process. The Cr(VI) adsorption process potentially involved mixed reductive and adsorbed mechanism. Furthermore, computational chemistry calculations revealed that the adsorption energy between NHPC and Cr(VI) (−0.84 eV) was lower than that of HPC (−0.51 eV), suggesting that nitrogen doping could greatly enhance the interaction between NHPC and Cr(VI).     

Comparison of four supports for adsorption of reactive dyes by immobilized Aspergillus fumigatus beads

Four materials, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC), sodium alginate (SA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and chitosan (CTS), were prepared as supports for entrapping fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The adsorption of synthetic dyes. Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R, and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP, by these immobilized gel beads and plain gel beads was evaluated. The adsorption efficiencies of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by CTS immobilized beads were 89.1% and 93.5% in 12 h, respectively. The adsorption efficiency by Na-CMC immobilized beads was slightly lower than that of mycelial pellets. But the dye culture mediums were almost completely decolorized in 48 h using the above-mentioned two immobilized beads (exceeding 95%). The adsorption efficiency by SA immobilized beads exceeded 92% in 48 h. PVA-SA immobilized beads showed the lowest adsorption efficiency, which was 79.8% for Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and 92.5% for Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R in 48 h. Comparing the adsorption efficiency by plain gel beads, Na-CMC plain gel beads ranked next to CTS ones. SA and PVA-SA plain gel beads hardly had the ability of adsorbing dyes. Subsequently, the growth of mycelia in Na-CMC and SA immobilized beads were evaluated. The biomass increased continuously in 72 h. The adsorption capacity of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by Na-CMC immobilized beads was 78.0 and 86.7 mg/g, respectively. The SEM micrographs show that the surface structure of Na-CMC immobilized bead is loose and finely porous, which facilitates diffusion of the dyes.     

微孔塔式曝气用于石化废水处理的研究

利用微孔气体分布器对石化工业废水进行活性污泥曝气 ,并和传统曝气池进行了对比。考察了温度、气速、初始CODCr浓度和反应器结构 (鼓泡塔和环流塔 )对这种废水生物降解过程的影响。结果表明 ,微孔塔式曝气与传统的曝气池相比 ,具有降解时间短 ,占地面积小 ,有利于保持曝气过程的适宜温度等优点     

CS/PVA微球的制备及其对重金属离子吸附研究

利用聚乙烯醇和戊二醛通过化学交联对壳聚糖进行改性,制备了壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇(CS/PVA)微球,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射和扫描电镜对CS/PVA微球进行了表征,考察了pH值、吸附时间和重金属离子(Cu2+、Fe3+、Pb2+、Cd2+)溶液初始浓度对CS/PVA微粒吸附性能的影响,并进行了吸附动力学研究.结果表...     

带坞舱船舶尾舱消浪装置消浪性能研究

目的 带坞舱船舶尾部具有与外界连通的自由液面,由于船舶运动会在坞舱内产生波浪,形成有害的波浪砰击,影响舱内装备的正常作业。针对这一问题,系统地对带坞舱船舶尾舱内的消浪方案进行模拟与优化,提出一套具有良好消浪性能的消浪装置方案。方法 以荷兰皇家海军两栖运输船为目标进行三维建模,使用CFD方法对其进行不同波浪下船舶响应模拟和分析,监测船舶的运动响应和舱内多个监测点的波高情况,使用多孔挡板为基础,给出一套消浪装置,并进行带有消浪装置方案的船舶响应模拟,评估该消浪装置方案的消浪性能。结果 对舱内首端和侧壁布置多孔板消浪装置,消浪效果可达40%~50%,验证了该消浪装置的可行性。结论 采用多孔介质区域模型对带有多孔介质消浪装置的整船进行数值模拟,在计算效率远高于对实际物理模型建模的同时,可以得到较好的消浪效果。