NKA-Ⅱ型大孔吸附树脂处理苯胺废水的研究

针对苯胺废水的特点,利用NKA-Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂进行处理,研究了苯胺废水质量浓度、pH值、温度和流速等因素对大孔吸附树脂动态吸附-脱附性能的影响,并得到了最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明在最佳工艺条件下,苯胺去除率>99%,COD>98%,出水苯胺的质量浓度<40mg·L-1,COD出水的质量浓度<100mg·L-1,树脂的平均脱附率值接近99.7%。在废水得到有效处理的同时,苯胺资源也得到了回收,达到了废水治理与资源化的效果。     

纳米乳化油缓解多孔介质渗透性损失的实验研究

为有效缓解乳化油在原位修复地下水污染过程中所产生的堵塞及修复效率降低的问题,采用升温相转变技术手段,制备纳米乳化油.并采用一维柱实验,开展微米及纳米乳化油在多孔介质中的迁移研究,对比分析微米及纳米乳化油造成多孔介质的渗透性损失、在多孔介质中的截留比率及迁移距离等问题,探究纳米乳化油缓解多孔介质渗透性损失的效果.实验结果显示,微米及纳米乳化油所导致的中砂介质渗透性损失分别为20.40%和3.20%,乳化油截留比率分别为28.51%和20.15%.由此可见,乳化油截留是多孔介质渗透性损失的重要原因,减小乳化油粒径可有效缓解多孔介质的渗透性损失.与微米乳化油相比,纳米乳化油有效降低中、细砂介质渗透性损失84.3%和47.5%.此外,乳化油截留对多孔介质渗透性损失的影响在一定程度上也影响到其在多孔介质中的迁移距离,微米及纳米乳化油在中砂介质中的迁移距离分别为6.53 m和8.19 m.相比之下,纳米乳化油所导致的细砂介质渗透性损失为10.70%,截留比率为25.71%,迁移距离为7.36 m,说明纳米乳化油迁移效果更佳,可适用介质范围更广.     

乳化纳米铁浆液在含水层中的迁移特征研究

本文主要研究地下水修复试剂乳化纳米铁（EZVI）在含水层中的迁移特性和影响因素.一维模拟柱实验考察EZVI的穿透曲线和模拟柱中分布情况.结果表明：乳化植物油对纳米铁的改性显著提高了纳米铁在含水层中的迁移能力,EZVI的迁移距离为未改性纳米铁的2~3倍;EZVI中的乳化植物油会随水流迁移,分别形成纳米铁反应带和植物油反应带;岩性对迁移的影响表现为介质粒径越大,越有利于EZVI的迁移,且EZVI在粗砂中的迁移能力是细砂的1.9倍;注入速率通过影响纳米铁迁移到含水层介质表面的几率影响迁移行为,注入速率越大,迁移距离越长;共存离子对乳化纳米铁的迁移性能影响不大,会引起微量的铁的损失.最佳迁移效果的条件是3cm/min的注入速度,2g/L的注入浓度.     

桉树遗态Fe/C复合材料对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的动态吸附探讨

为研究桉树遗态Fe/C复合材料（PBGC-Fe/C）对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的净化能力及其动态吸附过程,以PBGC-Fe/C吸附剂为固定床,选择溶液初始pH、进水流速、溶液初始浓度、吸附剂投加量和环境温度为影响因素开展动态吸附试验分析.结果表明:在溶液初始pH为2,进水流速为5.14 mL/min,吸附剂投加量为2 g和环境温度为35℃的条件下,PBGC-Fe/C对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的最佳平衡吸附容量达到10.72 mg/g;提高溶液初始pH、进水流速和溶液初始质量浓度或降低吸附剂投加量均可缩短反应穿透时间和衰竭时间;Thomas和Yoon-Nelson模型均能较好地描述PBGC-Fe/C对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的动态吸附过程,说明该吸附过程中内部扩散和外部扩散均为非限速步骤,吸附速率常数（k_Th）随着进水流速的增大从1.3×10-3 mL/（min·mg）升至2.6×10-3 mL/（min·mg）,随着溶液初始质量浓度的增大从2.7×10-3 mL/（min·mg）降至1.4×10-3 mL/（min·mg）.研究显示,PBGC-Fe/C对水中Cr（Ⅵ）具有较好的动态吸附能力,具有较好的市场应用前景.      

膜参数对膜吸收法天然气脱硫传质性能的影响研究

以N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)溶液为吸收液,采用膜吸收法进行了模拟天然气脱硫试验,考察了不同膜参数对MDEA溶液脱硫过程中传质性能的影响。结果表明:在较为理想的稳态膜吸收过程中,多孔膜孔径大小、膜厚度以及膜孔形态等因素对稳态膜吸收过程中的传质效果影响不大;在其他条件不变的情况下,多孔膜的传质性能随着孔隙率的增大而提高;同时传质效果还受到膜润湿现象的影响。这说明在较为理想的稳态膜吸收过程中孔隙率是对传质效果产生影响的主要因素,为膜吸收过程传质的影响因素探究及多孔膜选择提供了依据。     

煤基胶体特征及其在多孔介质中的运移行为

采集了长焰煤粉并提取其中的胶体,用激光粒度仪、红外光谱仪、扫描电镜和Zeta电位仪对煤基胶体的特征进行了定性和定量表征,研究了煤基胶体在石英砂的多孔介质柱中的运移特征及p H值、阳离子等环境因子的影响。结果表明,该方法提取煤基胶体的实测粒径与理论计算粒径基本吻合,煤基胶体表面具有丰富的褶皱和极其丰富的孔隙结构并呈片状,煤基胶体的化学组成以芳香烃为主,在试验范围内,煤基胶体的Zeta电位在-34.0~-21.2 e V,随p H值升高而下降。溶液p H=7时,煤基胶体在多孔介质中的运移能力最强,c/c0为0.664,增加p H值或降低p H值,运移能力下降。Ca离子对煤基在多孔介质中的运移具有明显的抑制作用,当离子强度IS(Ca Cl2)由0.001 mmol/L增加到0.1 mmol/L时,胶体悬液c/c0从0.569降至0.129。     

光透法定量两相流中流体饱和度的模型及其应用

基于光透法定量流体饱和度的原理及其在两相流中的应用,设计了两组密封砂箱实验来研究气体或重非水相流体(DNAPL)在饱和孔隙介质中的迁移,观察了气体或DNAPL在孔隙介质中的迁移规律,应用并验证了2个水/气两相流中的光强-饱和度(LIS)模型,特别是建立并应用了适用于NAPL/水两相流系统的2个新LIS模型.结果表明,气体以不规则的"指状"通道向上迁移直到在砂箱顶部聚集,最终形成连续的气体分布;TCE由于自身重力的影响向下迁移直至砂箱底部,最终在砂箱中形成不规则的污染羽并在砂箱底部形成污染池.利用实验结果应用并验证4个光透法模型得到:2个水/气系统中LIS模型(WG-A和WG-B)整体适用于本实验数据;2个NAPL/水系统的LIS模型(NW-A和NW-B)得到与实测资料较吻合的结果,其中基于单个孔隙水驱替假设的模型NW-A与实验结果更加接近,对量化多孔介质中的NAPL/水系统各相饱和度具有一定的参考意义.     

Gas separation using porous cement membrane

Gas separation is a key issue in various industrial fields. Hydrogen has the potential for application in clean fuel technologies. Therefore, the separation and purification of hydrogen is an important research subject. CO2 capture and storage have important roles in ＂green chemistry＂. As an effective clean technology, gas separation using inorganic membranes has attracted much attention in the last several decades. Membrane processes have many applications in the field of gas separation. Cement is one type of inorganic material, with the advantages of a lower cost and a longer lifespan. An experimental setup has been created and improved to measure twenty different cement membranes. The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of gas molecule properties on the material transport and to explore the influence of operating conditions and membrane composition on separation efficiency. The influences of the above parameters are determined, the best conditions and membrane type are found, it is shown that cementitious material has the ability to separate gas mixtures, and the gas transport mechanism is studied.     

AN OVERVIEW OF POROUS PAVEMENT RESEARCH1

ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the economics, advantages, potential applications, and status and future research needs of porous pavements. Porous pavements are an available storm water management technique which can be used on parking lots and low volume roadways in order to reduce both storm water runoff volume and pollution. In addition, ground water recharge is enhanced. Also, cost reductions result due to elimination of curbs, drains, and small sized storm sewers. Porous asphalt pavements consist of a relatively thin course of open graded asphalt mix over a deep base of large size crushed stones. Water can be stored in the crushed stone base until it can percolate into the subbase or drain laterally. Other porous pavement types include concrete lattice blocks and a porous concrete mix.     

AN EXAMINATION OF RELATIVE PERMEABILITY RELATIONS FOR TWO-PHASE FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA1

ABSTRACT: A key parameter in modeling two-phase flow phenomena is relative permeability. It is important to understand which variables influence relative permeability, especially since so few measurements of relative permeability have been made for typical contaminants at hazardous waste sites. This paper focuses on the effect of five variables on relative permeability: intrinsic permeability, pore-size distribution, viscosity ratio, interfacial tension, and wettability, by critically reviewing previously published relative permeability experiments. The wide variability in the functional relationship between relative permeability and saturation should be considered in attempts to model two-phase flow.