冷冻取芯过程煤样温度变化特性研究

为探究冷冻取芯过程煤样温度变化特性,基于模拟试验的相似性,自主设计冷冻取芯模拟测试试验装置,选取榆家梁矿、首山一矿、六龙煤矿、九里山矿4个矿区不同变质程度煤样,用以测定瓦斯吸附平衡压力为0、1.0、2.0、3.0 MPa下冷冻取芯过程煤样的温度实时变化数据,并统计分析各条件下的数据。研究结果表明:冷冻取芯技术的冷冻效果与煤变质程度及瓦斯吸附平衡压力呈正相关关系;冷冻取芯对含瓦斯煤冷冻效果优于不含瓦斯煤;冷冻取芯对高变质煤冷冻效果优于低变质煤;冷冻取芯过程中,煤样温度随时间变化曲线符合指数函数关系。     

Correction model for CO detection in the coal combustion loss process in mines based on GWO-SVM

Accurate detection of CO gas is crucial to the prevention of coal combustion. Tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is a reliable method for CO detection during coal combustion. The influences of temperature and pressure cause changes in the line strength and linewidth of the index gases’ absorption spectra, leading to sizable measurement errors. To correct the distortion of the CO absorption spectrum caused by temperature and pressure fluctuation, a compensation model based on the grey wolf optimizer–support vector machine (GWO–SVM) was proposed. The results were compared with those of the single SVM, the back propagation neural network (BPNN), and multiple regression analysis (MRA). MRA was revealed to result in the lowest accuracy, which indicated that MRA is not ideal for compensation in TDLAS. The hyperparameter selection of the SVM had the disadvantages of randomness and blindness, which led to instability and large errors. The BPNN achieved better correction in the training stage, but severe overfitting occurred in the testing stage. The modified results revealed that the GWO–SVM model had higher accuracy and stability than the other models. It effectively inhibited the effects of temperature and pressure on the measured concentration and greatly improved the measurement accuracy. The equipment is thus suitable for CO gas detection with the aim to preventing coal combustion loss, and it can be further applied to loss prevention in other process fields.     

基于压力与温度对损失瓦斯量影响试验研究*

为研究取芯管取芯过程中压力与温度对损失瓦斯量的影响,以及t法的偏差,利用自主研发的取芯管取芯过程模拟测试装置,基于模拟试验的相似性,开展不同加热功率下取芯过程模拟试验与室温（30 ℃）对比,以及变温条件下不同吸附压力取芯过程模拟试验。结果表明:前30 min煤芯瓦斯解吸曲线符合Qt=a+b/［1+(t/t0)c］。吸附压力一定时,取芯过程模拟测试的煤芯瓦斯解吸率均大于室温下的对比测试,3~16 min（退钻过程）温度对损失量的影响大于0~3 min（取芯过程）;随着加热功率的增加,煤芯瓦斯解吸量增大,煤芯损失瓦斯量的模拟值亦增大;t法推算值与模拟值的绝对误差随加热功率的增大而增大,相对误差在65.08%~70.79%;加热功率一定时,随着吸附压力的增加,煤芯瓦斯解吸量愈大,煤芯损失瓦斯量t法推算值增大,模拟值亦增大;t法推算值与模拟值的绝对误差随吸附压力的增大而增大,相对误差在68.21%~72.13%。     

The effects of exogenous salicylic acid on growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress

Salicylic acid （SA） was an essential component of the plant resistance to pathogens and also plays an important role in mediating plant response to some abiotic stress. The possible effects of SA on the growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress were studied. When rice seedlings grown in nutrient solution containing Pb^2＋ （0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25 mmol/L） for 18 d, the plant biomass as well as the chlorophyll content of leaves decreased with increasing Pb concentration. The pre-treatment with SA （treated with 0.1 mmol/L SA for 48 h before Pb stress） partially protected seedlings from Pb toxicity. The chlorophyll contents were significant higher in leaves of Pb-exposed with SA pre-treatment seedlings than in Pb-exposed plants at the same Pb intensity. SA pre-treated alone could significantly increase the length of shoot and root of seedlings but the vigour difference was not marked under long-term exposure to Pb toxicity. SA pre-treated influence the H2O2 level in leaves of seedlings by up-regulating the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, repressing the activity of catalase （CAT） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） depending on the concentrations of Pb^2＋ in the growth medium. The results supported the conclusion that SA played a positive role in rice seedlings against Pb toxicity.     

Determination of haloacetic acids in hospital e uent after chlorination by ion chromatography

The ion chromatography combined solid phase extraction （SPE） method was developed for the analysis of low concentration haloacetic acids （HAAs）, a class of disinfection by-products formed from chlorination of hospital wastewater. The monitored HAAs included monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. The method employed a sodium hydroxide eluent at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, electrolytically generated gradients, and suppressed conductivity detection. To analyze the HAAs in real hospital wastewater samples, C18 pretreatment cartridge was utilized to reduce samples＇ turbidity. Preconcentration with SPE and matrix elimination with treatment cartridges were investigated and found to be able to obtain acceptable detection limits. Linearity, repeatability and detection limits of the above method were evaluated. The detection limits of monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid were 2.61 μg/L and 1.30 μg/L, respectively, and the other three acids are ranging from 0.48 to 0.82μg/L under 25-fold preconcentration. When the above optimization procedure was applied to three hospital wastewater samples with different treatment processes in Tianjin, it was found that the dichloroacetic acid was the major compound, and the growth ratios of the HAAs after disinfection by sodium hypochlorite were 91.28%, 63.61% and 79.50%, respectively.     

康菲石油公司火灾爆炸事故的启示——压力管道的安全管理工作要做细、做实

通过对康菲(ConocoPhillips)公司压力管道泄漏爆炸事故的介绍和分析,提出了压力管道安全管理中应注意的细节问题.     

热泵蒸发及其在浓缩垃圾渗滤液中应用的初探

在热泵蒸发过程中,二次蒸汽压缩比是个至关重要的参数,它直接关系到热泵蒸发的经济程度。对热泵蒸发中的传热过程及可利用的余热作了全面分析。最后对热泵蒸发在浓缩垃圾渗滤液中的应用进行了探讨。     

活性炭纤维-固相微萃取技术快速检测烤肉中多环芳烃

文章采用新型活性炭纤维(ACF)做为固相微萃取(SPME)的萃取纤维与气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用,建立了一种快速检测烤肉中持久性污染物多环芳烃(PAHs)的方法.烤肉由于其独特的风味深受人们喜爱.但是,在烤肉中含有致癌的PAHs,影响着人们的身体健康.烤肉中PAHs最佳提取条件为:2g匀浆样品,丙酮+甲醇(1∶0...     

抚仙湖流域社会经济发展与环境压力分析

对抚仙湖流域近20a社会经济发展进行了调查,结果显示：人均GDP增长了近20倍,人口密度比重增长6．9个百分点,城镇用地比重增加1.6个百分点,耕地比重减少了1．41个百分点,化肥用量增加了近1倍。揭示出流域社会经济的快速发展使区域环境承载力逐渐下降,抚仙湖面临极大的环境压力。     

加压氨浸法选择性回收废线路板中的铜、锌和镍

以氨水-铵盐缓冲溶液作为浸出试剂,氧气作为氧化剂,在高压釜中通过加压氨浸法回收废弃印刷线路板中的铜、锌和镍,分别研究了浸出时间、氨水浓度、铵盐浓度、搅拌速率、氧气压力、温度和不同种类铵盐对浸出效果的影响,并得到浸出的最优工艺条件:铵盐选择碳酸铵浸出效果最佳,浓度为1 mol/L,氨水浓度为4 mol/L,搅拌速率为70...