石灰石颗粒移动床脱硫过程影响因素的研究

探讨了以石灰石颗粒为脱硫剂、移动床反应器脱除二氧化硫过程的影响因素.结果表明,空床气速和液体喷淋密度是影响脱硫效率的主要因子,其次为二氧化硫浓度和烟气进口温度,而床层下移速度（大于65mm·h-1）对脱硫效率没有明显影响.当液体喷淋密度小于某一临界值时,脱硫效率随液体喷淋密度的增大而增大,但喷淋密度大于临界值后,脱硫效...     

文丘里洗涤器压力损失试验研究

使用空气-水系统,试验研究文丘里洗涤器操作参数(液气比、喉管气速)及喉管长度对其压力损失的影响.结果表明,喉管气速对压力损失的影响比液气比的大,压力损失随液气比增加呈线性增加,而随喉管气速的变化基本为平方关系.在此基础上,探讨了在文丘里洗涤器设计时如何根据捕集效率优化设计文丘里喉管长度.     

充装条件对超细干粉灭火剂水平直管内喷放流量的影响

为研究不同充装条件下超细干粉灭火剂在水平直管内的气固两相流动特性,搭建超细干粉灭火剂水平直管喷放试验台,改变充装比和起始充装压力,测量管内的沿程压力分布,比较喷放流量和气固比的变化,重点分析了超细干粉灭火剂在水平管内的释放过程、沿程压降和充装比临界值。结果表明,超细干粉灭火剂的释放过程有喷放前期、平稳喷放和喷放后期3个阶段,其中平稳喷放阶段是灭火剂有效作用时间。沿程压降几乎不受灭火剂充装比的影响,但随起始充装压力增大而增大。此外,喷放流量曲线上的临界转捩曲线与气固比计算值曲线上转捩曲线相吻合,起始充装压力为2.5 MPa、4.2 MPa和10 MPa时,喷放流量曲线对应的充装比临界值分别为0.412 kg/L、0.439 kg/L和0.458 kg/L。充装比小于临界充装比时,喷放流量随充装比增大而减小;充装比大于临界充装比时,喷放流量变化不大。而且临界充装比随充装压力单调递增。     

压力脉冲波法复杂天然气管道堵塞检测实验研究*

为了解决复杂天然气管道堵塞定位难题,快速定位出堵塞位置,提出利用压力脉冲波法检测复杂管道堵塞。改造搭建长18.1 m、包含17个三通结构的压力波堵塞检测实验台,进行不同堵塞率以及气液混输管道的堵塞定位实验。结果表明:管道三通会引起频率范围为150~200 Hz的高频反射波,利用FFT谐波变换方法可以有效地对原始信号进行滤波分析,更利于对堵塞定位分析。在堵塞率100%时,定位误差为1.07%;在堵塞率50%时,定位误差最大,达到1.93%;对于含液率8%的气液混输管道,100%堵塞时,定位误差为0.48%。研究结果有效地证实了压力脉冲法检测复杂输运管道堵塞的可行性,可为该方法的现场应用提供指导和数据支撑。     

围压作用下自振空化射流脉动特性实验研究

就围压下自振空化射流动压力特性进行了实验研究,其实验结果表明：在围压作用下,自振空化射流脉动幅度存在最优喷距,并且最优喷距随围压的增大而增大;在压降一定情况下,脉动幅度随围压的增加而减小;在围压和压降一定时,自振空化射流的最大冲击压力明显高于普通连续射流;自振空化射流的脉动频率,基本不随围压、压降和喷距的变化而变化,在本实验条件下,基本保持在１．３８ＫＨｚ 左右     

抑制煤矿瓦斯爆炸传播的新技术设想

基于石油阻火装置对可燃气体爆炸传播的火焰具有淬熄作用,对压力波具有抑制作用,提出将金属丝网、波纹板型等几种结构用于抑制煤矿瓦斯爆炸传播的新思路,填补了阻火器在煤矿中应用的空白,为煤矿阻隔爆技术开拓出新的领域.     

深厚黄土覆盖层上土石坝地震响应特性分析

采用非线性有限单元法和笔者曾提出的动孔压试验曲线法,对某深厚黄土覆盖层上土石坝进行了有效应力法地震响应分析,重点分析大坝的绝对加速度、动位移和动应力等动力响应及动孔隙水压力分布情况。分析结果表明,在现有设计条件下,由于坝基软弱黄土覆盖层较厚,大坝在7度地震作用下地震响应不强烈,但坝基黄土覆盖层会出现液化情况,需采取相应的抗液化工程措施。     

不同围压条件下的圆形巷道岩爆过程模拟

利用FLAC模拟了不同围压条件下圆形巷道的岩爆过程。为了模拟巷道开挖,利用编写的FISH函数删除巷道内部的单元。岩石服从摩尔库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的破坏准则,破坏之后呈现应变软化-理想塑性行为。模拟结果表明:当围压较低时,剪切应变集中区域呈圆环状,围岩能保持稳定,不出现剪切带;当围压增加到一定程度时,围岩中出现了"狗耳"形的V形坑,发生岩爆,但围岩也还能保持稳定;当围压进一步增加时,围岩中出现了多条狭长的剪切带,巷道的整个断面均遭到了破坏,发生强烈的岩爆。随着围压的增加,V形岩爆坑变大、变深,剪切带花样的对称性变差;在高围压时,剪切带花样与塑性力学中的滑移线网有类似之处。     

高压注入和等压扩散条件下N2置换煤中CH4的研究

为探究注气置换抽采煤层瓦斯的效果,揭示注弱吸附性气体N2在等压扩散和高压注入2种条件下置换煤中CH4的机理,采用自行搭建的含瓦斯煤多元气体置换试验装置,开展等压扩散和高压注入2种条件下注N2置换煤中CH4的试验研究.研究结果表明:在注N2量相同的条件下,等压扩散置换量始终高于高压注气置换量,在等压扩散下N2置换CH4效...     

Relationships between hope,optimism, and conservation engagement

The loss and degradation of nature can lead to hopelessness and despair, which may undermine engagement in conservation actions. Emerging movements, such as that behind the organization Conservation Optimism, aim to avert potential despair of those involved in conservation. Some argue that fostering positive states, such as hope or optimism, can motivate engagement and action; however, others question whether fostering hope or optimism may inadvertently undermine perceived gravity of conservation challenges. We examined this issue by quantifying dispositional hope and optimism with a representative sample of Australians (n = 4285) and assessing their relationship with indicators of conservation engagement. We used the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in Australia as a case study. We asked participants what they could do to help the GBR, then classified their responses into 2 outcome variables: identifying climate actions (i.e., actions that tackle the main threat to the reef) and identifying plastic actions (i.e., actions that are popular among community members). We also quantified likelihood of performing these actions and appraisals of both threats and actions. One dimension of hope, hope pathways (defined by Snyder's hope theory as knowing different ways to act), was associated with greater capacity to identify climate-related behaviors (odds ratio [OR] = 1.44) and plastic reduction behaviors (OR = 1.22) and greater likelihood of adopting climate-related actions (β = 0.20). Optimism was associated with recognition of plastic reduction behaviors only (OR = 1.22). Neither hope nor optimism undermined appraisal of conservation threats. The effects of optimism were mediated by reduced action futility, and effects of hope pathways were mediated by stronger perceptions of threats to the reef (threat appraisal) and confidence in performing useful actions (coping appraisal). Our findings suggest that dispositional hope can strengthen, rather than undermine, appraisal of conservation challenges and solutions and thereby increase conservation engagement.