简易流动注射仪化学发光法测定水环境中的铵态氮

在０．１Ｍ的碱性条件下，ＮＢＳ（Ｎ—溴代丁二酰亚　胺）在荧光素的增敏作用下氧化氯化铵，产生强的化学发光。基于此本文详细研究了其反应　的特性和影响因素，在优化的实验条件下体系对氯化铵的测定范围为１．０×１０－７～１　．５×１０－５ｇ／ｍＬ，检出限为３．６×１０－８ｇ／ｍＬ，对５．０×１０－６ｇ／ｍＬ氯化铵　进行１１次平行测定，其ＲＳＤ为２．８％。将本法用于环境水样中ＮＨ＋４的分析，并与常规的　方法进行对照，获得了满意的结果。     

分段重铬酸钾法测定高氯离子废水COD方法研究

通过对高盐废水COD测定时氯离子干扰与氧化剂浓度的关系研究发现:氧化剂浓度对氯离子干扰程度有较大的影响。根据研究结果,提出了用分段重铬酸钾法测定高盐废水COD的设想,并对此设想进行了验证。验证结果表明:用分段重铬酸钾法测定高盐废水COD的设想是完全可行的;而且方法的准确度较好,相对误差<9%,实际废水加有机物的回收率>92%。     

高氯离子废水中低COD简易分析方法研究

本试验采用重铬酸钾标准法对COD测定结果的影响程度与适用范围进行了探索,提出了用低浓度重铬酸钾氧化法测定含高氯根废水中低COD的方法,对其影响因素提出新的看法。试验结果表明:对影响测定结果的主要因素并不取决于Cl-浓度的高低,而取决于回流后剩余氧化剂量的多少,当剩余氧化剂量不超过46%时,对测定结果影响甚微。     

氯化亚砜生产的环境风险评价

用危险指数法对氯化亚砜生产过程各单元的风险性进行了评价，预测了制备锅爆炸事故的环境影响范围和程度。     

HMP和SDS在KMnO4氧化水溶相PCE中的联合效应

利用KMnO₄原位化学氧化法处理污染地下水中的氯代烯烃已被证实有效可行,但是反应中产生的MnO₂沉淀会影响修复效果,延长修复时间. 采用KMnO₄氧化法处理水溶相的PCE(四氯乙烯),研究了添加HMP(六偏磷酸钠)和SDS(十二烷基磺酸钠)对该反应的联合效应. 结果表明,离子强度对MnO₂沉淀的生成影响显著,离子强度越高,MnO₂沉淀生成得越快. 在20℃, ρ(PCE)初始值为20mg/L,n(KMnO₄)∶n(PCE)为15∶1,离子强度为0.1mol/L的条件下,单独添加HMP可减少反应过程中MnO₂沉淀的产生,ρ(HMP)为0.1g/L的条件下,24h内没有产生MnO₂沉淀;单独添加SDS可增加Cl-生成量,在ρ(SDS)为1.0g/L的条件下,Cl-生成量增加了8.2%,但会增大MnO₂沉淀的生成速率;在同时添加HMP〔(ρ(HMP)为0.1g/L)〕和SDS〔(ρ(SDS)为1.0g/L)〕的条件下,Cl-生成量增加了7.5%,并且24h内没有产生MnO₂沉淀,表明二者同时添加既可提高PCE的去除率又可减缓MnO₂沉淀的生成.      

矿山循环水中SO42-的脱除研究

采用吸附法、七铝酸十二钙法、石灰-氯化铝絮凝沉淀法对矿山循环水中高浓度SO24-的脱除进行研究。结果表明:单纯采用吸附法来处理废水,处理后水中的SO24-远不能达到工业用水标准;实验室制备的七铝酸十二钙对SO24-的去除效果不理想,仅为35%,也无法达到工业用水标准;采用石灰-氯化铝絮凝沉淀法处理废水时,当Al3+投加量为420mg/L,pH值为11时,去除率高达90%以上,可使废水中的SO24-质量浓度从1 800 mg/L降至200mg/L以下,完全可循环回用于矿山的选矿和采矿生产。     

NaCl改性沸石对水中氨氮的吸附机制

通过颗粒强度测定、扫描电镜分析（SEM）、X射线能谱分析（EDS）和零电点测定（pHPZC）考察改性前后沸石表面特性的变化,考察pH值、沸石投加量、初始氨氮浓度以及温度对吸附过程的影响,并通过吸附等温式和吸附动力学对吸附机制进行描述.经过NaCl改性后的沸石的颗粒强度明显增大,表面更加粗糙,孔径增大,钠离子通过交换作用进入到沸石内部.pH值为7,沸石投加量为8g/L,温度为35℃时吸附效果最好,平衡吸附量（qe）与氨氮初始浓度呈正相关性.Langmuir等温线比Freundlich等温线更适合描述实验数据,最大饱和吸附量为13.210mg/g.吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型.实验表明NaCl改性沸石能够有效去除水中的氨氮.     

Surface water treatment benefits from the presence of algae: Influence of algae on the coagulation behavior of polytitanium chloride

• Emerging titanium coagulation was high-efficient for algae-laden water treatment. • Polytitanium coagulation was capable for both algae and organic matter removal. • Surface water purification was improved by around 30% due to algae inclusion. • Algae functioned as flocculant aid to assist polytitanium coagulation. • Algae could enhance charge neutralization capability of polytitanium coagulant. Titanium-based coagulation has proved to be effective for algae-laden micro-polluted water purification processes. However, the influence of algae inclusion in surface water treatment by titanium coagulation is barely reported. This study reports the influence of both Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis wesenbergii in surface water during polytitanium coagulation. Jar tests were performed to evaluate coagulation performance using both algae-free (controlled) and algae-laden water samples, and floc properties were studied using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer for online monitoring. Results show that polytitanium coagulation can be highly effective in algae separation, removing up to 98% from surface water. Additionally, the presence of algae enhanced organic matter removal by up to 30% compared to controlled water containing only organic matter. Polytitanium coagulation achieved significant removal of fluorescent organic materials and organic matter with a wide range of molecular weight distribution (693–4945 Da) even in the presence of algae species in surface water. The presence of algae cells and/or algal organic matter is likely to function as an additional coagulant or flocculation aid, assisting polytitanium coagulation through adsorption and bridging effects. Although the dominant coagulation mechanisms with polytitanium coagulant were influenced by the coagulant dosage and initial solution pH, algae species in surface water could enhance the charge neutralization capability of the polytitanium coagulant. Algae-rich flocs were also more prone to breakage with strength factors approximately 10% lower than those of algae-free flocs. Loose structure of the flocs will require careful handling of the flocs during coagulation-sedimentation-filtration processes.     

中性高锰酸钾贮备液稳定性探讨

对不同温度下的高锰酸钾贮备液进行多次定量稀释并标定,实验结果表明,高锰酸钾浓度基本不变。