BIOGEOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF GLOBAL CHANGE ON U.S. NATIONAL PARKS1

ABSTRACT: Federal parks and other public lands have unique mandates and rules regulating their use and conservation. Because of variation in their response to local, regional, and global‐scale disturbance, development of mitigation strategies requires substantial research in the context of long‐term inventory and monitoring. In 1982, the National Park Service began long‐term, watershed‐level studies in a series of national parks. The objective was to provide a more comprehensive database against which the effects of global change and other issues could be quantified. A subset of five sites in North Carolina, Texas, Washington, Michigan, and Alaska, is examined here. During the last 50 years, temperatures have declined at the southern sites and increased at the northern sites with the greatest increase in Alaska. Only the most southern site has shown an increase in precipitation amount. The net effect of these trends, especially for the most northern and southern sites, would likely be an increase in the growing season and especially the time soil processes could continue without moisture or temperature limitations. During the last 18 years, there were few trends in atmospheric ion inputs. The most evident was the decline in SO₄² deposition. There were no significant relationships between ion input and stream water output. This finding suggests other factors as modification of precipitation or canopy throughfall by soil processes, hydrologic flow path, and snowmelt rates are major processes regulating stream water chemical outputs.     

钢框架足尺结构火灾试验方案研究

钢框架足尺结构(即与实际工作中通常使用的结构尺寸相同的结构)火灾试验在国内尚属首次。着重介绍了试验施加荷载的确定、数据测量和钢框架的吊装计算,得出了进行钢框架主尺结构火灾试验的一些基本经验:采用钢结构构件实用抗火计算方法,对目标高温下框架中柱和边柱分别进行承载力计算,在和常温下各自的0.3倍的承载极限值进行综合比较后,确定钢框架柱轴向的施加荷载值;热电偶测温技术具有精度高和使用简便的优点,可用于火灾试验温度的测量;火灾试验中应变的测量无法正常进行,可转化成对关键部位位移的测量;足尺结构的吊装在对其简化的计算模型进行危险截面的强度验算以及对整个试件进行必要的挠度计算后方可进行。     

生态补偿对象空间选择的研究进展及展望

生态补偿作为一种将外在的、非市场环境服务转化为当地参与者提供生态系统服务的财政激励机制而备受世界关注。为了全面认识国际生态补偿对象空间选择的状况与成果,促进国际生态补偿对象空间选择研究的交流与合作,论文在分析国际相关理论和实践研究的基础上,概括介绍了生态补偿对象空间选择的相关概念和研究背景,对不同补偿对象选择方案进行了归纳梳理和比较分析,简要介绍了得分函数法、距离函数法和GAP分析法等研究方法,比较分析了研究方法的优缺点,最后提出了思考和展望：选择方案的设计既要注重资金效益,又要兼顾公平;努力建立生态补偿效果的评价机制,逐步完善生态补偿对象选择方案,健全生态补偿机制。     

Maximum likelihood fitting of the Poisson lognormal distribution

In this paper some properties and analytic expressions regarding the Poisson lognormal distribution such as moments, maximum likelihood function and related derivatives are discussed. The author provides a sharp approximation of the integrals related to the Poisson lognormal probabilities and analyzes the choice of the initial values in the fitting procedure. Based on these he describes a new procedure for carrying out the maximum likelihood fitting of the truncated Poisson lognormal distribution. The method and results are illustrated on real data. The computer program for calculations is freely available.

国内SBR法研究进展及其应用现状

简要介绍了SBR法的特点,综述了国内SBR法研究进展和应用现状,并展望了sBR技术发展方向。     

采油污水生物处理技术

采油污水是石油工业中的重点污染源之一。本文论述了采油污水生物处理的难度和技术可行性 ,总结了国内外近年来采油污水生物处理技术的现状及研究进展。     

生物滴滤床废气净化技术及应用

生物滴滤床是一种高效的废气净化装置 ,但其运行受诸多因素影响 ,采用传统的传质理论和传统的生物膜理论进行描述 ,难以取得满意结果 ,因此应从多方面来理解生物滴滤床的设计和运行 ,以开发高效的反应器和合理的运行处理系统。在分析中 ,综述了生物滴滤床净化有机废气的原理及运行中的多种影响因素 ,阐述了生物滴滤床的研究现状及相关应用。     

社会资本理论在我国应急管理领域应用研究综述

为有效发挥社会资本理论在我国应急管理领域的作用,采用文献研究方法在对社会资本概念界定和国内研究流派总结的基础上,详细梳理社会资本理论在我国应急管理领域不同发展时期及应急管理周期各环节的相关文献。结果表明:社会资本在我国应急管理领域的应用中存在概念界定不清晰、研究方法受限及研究侧重点不均衡困境。为克服研究困境,结合我国应急管理特色,提出社会资本在应急管理领域未来的研究重点与方向。     

Subjective time in organizations: Conceptual clarification,integration, and implications for future research

Despite the rapid growth of organizational research on subjective time, the extant literature is fragmented due to a lack of conceptual clarification and integration of temporal constructs. To address this fragmentation, we synthesize temporal research from both organizational behavior and adjacent disciplines (i.e., strategy, entrepreneurship, and organizational theory) and introduce a framework that allocates temporal constructs according to their basic conceptual nature (trait–state) and level of analysis (individual–collective). We employed the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count text analysis to determine the trait–state property of the constructs and a coding method to determine their level of analysis. This framework categorizes four generic types of subjective time: individual temporal disposition, individual temporal state, collective temporal state, and collective temporal disposition. We clarify the conceptualizations of the temporal constructs belonging to each of the four archetypes of subjective time and review their key findings in the organizational literature. Based on this integrative framework, we identify critical knowledge gaps in the current state of research and chart a future agenda with specific suggestions.     

海洋环境影响评价及生态修复研究进展与展望

随着人们对海洋资源环境重要性认知程度的加深,海洋环境影响评价和资源环境修复成为提高海洋资源开发利用价值、维护海洋生态与环境功能的重要方式。通过从海洋工程项目的环境问题诊断、海洋环境影响评价关键内容、海洋生态修复技术方法及效果等方面系统分析了近年来国内外海洋环评和生态修复研究进展,并对近年来我国海洋环评和修复工程实践中存在的问题和未来发展需求进行了分析,提出未来海洋环评和修复研究应重点注重和聚焦以下方面：1）海洋环境影响评价中的环境基线、监测技术、全球性影响及生态服务等方面的问题;2）海洋环境保护与生态修复思路的转变,包括修复目标、修复模式、评估指标、监管技术及资金来源等方面的转变。