无机阳离子对TiO2光催化降解染料的影响

考察了6种无机阳离子对P-25 TiO2光催化降解染料的影响，结果发现，Cu^2 ，Mn^2 和Ni^2 对光催化反应有强烈的抑制作用，Ca^2 ，Mg^2 和Al^3 对光催化反应速率无明显的负影响．经X光电能谱(XPS)的分析，确定锰离子以氧化物的形式沉积在氧化钛表面，使催化剂不可逆的中毒．Cu^2 和Ni^2 通过俘获光致电子导致催化活性降低。     

封育次生马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林优势种群竞争密度效应

以退化红壤区封山育林植被恢复过程中优势种群马尾松为研究对象,研究不同恢复阶段马尾松种群竞争密度效应,并提出一个适用性更强的竞争密度效应模型.研究表明,退化红壤区植被恢复过程中优势种群马尾松竞争密度效应明显,优势种群平均胸径(D)、平均胸高断面积(S)、平均单株材积(V)、林分蓄积量 (M)与种群密度 (ρ)的竞争密度关系密切,达到极显著水平(α<0. 01);新竞争密度效应模型较前人模型描述C-D效应效果更理想,可在森林竞争密度效应研究中应用. 表 4参 19     

一株黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger sp.ZH-1)对活性红ST-2BF的脱色

通过富集培养，从空气中分离到一株脱色真菌，经初步鉴定为黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)，定名为ZH-1并研究了该菌株ZH-1对活性红ST-2BF脱色的条件，结果表明，其对活性红ST-2BF的最佳脱色条件为：pH=6．0、温度30℃、在此条件下运行40h脱色率达99．1％；探讨了碳源、氮源和接种量对其脱色率的影响；并对染料降解前后的紫外-可见光光谱进行了分析对比．图5参6     

Maternal quality and differences in milk production and composition for male and female Iberian red deer calves (Cervus elaphus hispanicus)

Several theories predict a sex-biased investment either through unbalanced sex ratios in offspring or through differences in provisioning. According to them, one would expect an optimisation in indirect fitness, or else a compensation for increased mortality of one sex. In addition, biases in provisioning may also arise as a consequence of weight-dependent non-adaptive nutrient demands by offspring. This study examines milk provisioning and sex biases in offspring sex ratio together with maternal quality variables. Mothers of higher quality (weight and age) showed greater milk provisioning ability (in terms of production) resulting in greater calf weight gain. Mothers of sons produced greater yields of milk, milk protein, fat and lactose than mothers of daughters, and increased percentage of protein after controlling for higher male birth weight. In contrast, mothers of males did not differ from mothers of females in age or any body weight variables related to maternal quality. These results suggest that differences in milk production and composition for sons and daughters are rather a mechanism to optimise indirect fitness than a mechanism to compensate for increased mortality in male calves, or a consequence of greater weight-dependent nutrient demands by heavier male calves. Results also suggest that biases in milk provisioning may occur without biases in offspring sex ratio, and furthermore, in contrast to the prediction that biases should be relative to the mean investment of the population, that milk provisioning biases might not be relative.Communicated by F. Trillmich     

铁改性赤泥吸附剂的制备及其除砷性能研究

以氧化铝生产废渣--赤泥为原料,采用铁盐改性处理制备了新型羟基铁包覆型赤泥除砷吸附剂.研究考察了吸附剂吸附砷效能、投加量、吸附时间和pH值对吸附除砷效果的影响;采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)、比表面积(BET)等仪器对吸附剂进行了表征,并探讨了吸附机制.结果表明,铁盐改性赤泥吸附剂对As(V)具有显著吸附效能,在pH为7,初始砷浓度为1 mg·L-1,铁盐改性赤泥吸附剂饱和吸附容量为50.6mg·g-1时,除砷率高达99.9%,吸附后出水砷含量可达到0.01 mg·L-1以下,吸附规律符合Langmuir等温方程式;溶液pH值显著影响砷去除效果,吸附机制主要为羟基铁的表面吸附机制;吸附后的吸附剂可通过NaOH溶液再生,脱附率达到92.1%.     

羟基自由基杀灭压载水赤潮入侵生物试验研究

采用羟基自由基对斯式根管藻、日本星杆藻、裸甲藻和细菌进行杀灭实验，确定杀灭入侵赤潮生物的所需OH^-比值浓度为0.68mg／L。当OH^-比值浓度达到0．68mg／L时，致死多甲藻(Peri.Spp)等10种赤潮生物效率达到99.8％，致死膝沟孢子、多甲藻孢子效率达到100％。试验数据表明，强电离先进氧化OH^-是治理赤潮有效、可行的绿色新方法。     

Comparative studies of the Fe–UV, H2O2–UV, TiO2–UV/vis systems for the decolorization of a textile dye X-3B in water

The degradation of a common textile dye, Reactive-brilliant red X-3B, by several advanced oxidation technologies was studied in an air-saturated aqueous solution. The dye was resistant to the UV illumination (wavelength λ  320 nm), but was decolorized when one of Fe³⁺, H₂O₂ and TiO₂ components was present. The decolorization rate was observed to be quite different for each system, and the relative order evaluated under comparable conditions followed the order of Fe²⁺–H₂O₂–UV  Fe²⁺–H₂O₂ > Fe³⁺–H₂O₂–UV > Fe³⁺–H₂O₂ > Fe³⁺–TiO₂–UV > TiO₂–UV > Fe³⁺–UV > TiO₂–visible light (λ  450 nm) > H₂O₂–UV > Fe²⁺–UV. The mechanism for each process is discussed, and linked together for understanding the observed differences in reactivity.     

亚热带土壤反硝化过程中NO-3-N对CH4排放的影响

研究了发育于不同成土母质和不同土地利用方式下的45个亚热带土壤样本,在反硝化严格厌氧培养条件下（密闭、淹水、充N₂）,加入KNO₃的处理（加入N量为200 mg·kg^-1）和不加KNO₃的空白对照对CH₄产生和排放的影响.结果表明,厌氧培养条件下无论加入KNO₃与否,CH₄的产生和排放首先取决于土壤有机碳总量水平及其有效性.对照土壤中花岗岩母质发育的土壤和KNO₃处理土壤中稻田利用方式下的土壤CH₄排放量最高.加入KNO₃显著抑制了CH₄的产生和排放,NO^-₃-N对CH₄产生的抑制效应可能较N₂O对CH₄产生的抑制效应更大.加入KNO₃处理中厌氧培养第1周内的NO^-₃-反硝化量和降低速率是决定CH₄排放量的关键因素.不加KNO₃的对照土壤中,73％的土样表现为 Fe²⁺的产生和CH₄的排放之间呈指数关系增长,表明Fe³⁺和CO₂的还原可同步进行.NO^-₃-N不仅显著抑制了CH₄的产生和排放,也抑制了Fe³⁺的还原.     

用欧氏距离系数预报舟山海域赤潮发生指数等级

通过选取1996~2007年72个赤潮发生个例为一组样本,另外选取2004年4~9月之间前后3 d之内都没有赤潮发生的92个个例为另一组样本,对赤潮发生前3 d的气压、温度、相对湿度、风速、风向、降水、日照、云量等要素及某些要素3 d的累积值、以及增温的天数、降压的天数等共30个物理量做t统计量分析,并应用欧氏距离系数进行聚类,依此来判别赤潮发生的可能性。在对2008年舟山12次赤潮进行试报中,结果令人满意。     

南方山区生态环境观测成果与展望

20世纪80年代以来,中国科学院南方山区综合考察队和中国科学院千烟洲红壤丘陵综合开发试验站(简称千烟洲站)的历代科研工作者从自然资源综合科学考察到农业科技攻关示范,再到应用基础理论研究,一步一个台阶,不仅为红壤丘陵区的生态恢复和生态经济可持续发展作出了突出贡献,而且在南方红壤丘陵区典型生态系统的物质循环过程、机理及其对全球变化的响应和适应机制方面取得了新的进展。论文以千烟洲站的发展为主线,对南方山区生态环境观测成果与发展进行简单评述。