固定化脱色菌－活性污泥的脱色性能研究

将所筛选的高效脱色菌群,采用聚集－交联法固定在活性污泥上,形民絮状立体网状微观结构。固定化脱色菌－活性污泥的脱色酶活力较未经固定的活性污泥提高７０％左右。经厌氧条件下处理针织厂印染废水,色度平均去降率为７７．３％,ＣＯＤＣｒ平均去除率为６５．１％。     

UASB+AF处理维生素C废水的研究

采用有效容积为６ｍ３的ＵＡＳＢ＋ＡＦ反应器处理维生素Ｃ高浓度有机废水,结果表明：稳定运行容积负荷可达１０—１２ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ３·ｄ）ＣＯＤ去除率大于８０％,容积产气率大于３．０Ｎｍ３／（ｍ３·ｄ）,并具有启动速度快和较强耐冲击负荷的能力。     

污水污泥低温热解处理技术研究

污水污泥低温热解是一种发展中的能量回收型污泥热化学处理技术。本研究对此过程进行了间歇实验研究,取得了最高能量回收率时的反应条件。以此为基础并结合文献数据,讨论了过程的能量平衡影响因素和经济估算问题。结果表明,最优反应条件为：反应温度270℃,停留时间30min;全过程能量平衡主要受脱水泥饼含水率影响,临界含水率78%;过程处理成本低于焚烧法。     

常温厌氧污泥消化的停留时间分析

通过对25℃下城市污泥常温厌氧消化过程的产气率、pH值、挥发酸、有机物分解率、消化速度常数等的测定,引入“微生物污泥（ActiveBiologicalSolids）”概念,进行了常温厌氧消化过程的动力学分析。结果表明,常温消化的反应速度、产气率、有机物分解率均明显低于高、中温消化。为获得同一程度的产气率和有机物分解率,常温消化需150天以上的停留时间,而中、高温则为12～30天。常温污泥消化的基质浓度与消化速度关系不同于合成基质,呈S型,可采用Moser模型模拟其动力学过程;n＝2时所得各项动力学常数及最小消化时间可用于常温厌氧消化过程的控制。     

污水厂污泥低温热化学转化过程机理研究

污水厂污泥低温热化学转化是可望达到能量平衡的污泥处理新技术。借助污泥与其转化产物的元素分析、污泥的热重分析和衍生油的GC/MS分析等手段,对该转化反应过程的元素转移、转化特征温度和反应机理进行了研究。认为过程的主要反应是脂肪族化合物的蒸发、蛋白质肽键断裂和基团转移反应,参与反应的主要成份是脂肪族化合物和蛋白质,其中前者参与反应的温度低于后者,而糖类化合物参与反应的温度最高。     

现行的UASB反应器的设计问题及改良的可行性

探讨了UASB反应器的设计问题和改良的可行性。重点介绍并评价了UASB反应器的器内流速关系以及对应的问题。对比第 3代厌氧反应器的特点 ,提出了UASB反应器可行的改良方法。作为改良可行性证据 ,提供了改良后的实验数据     

AB法工艺在河东污水处理厂的应用

乌鲁木齐河东污水处理厂采用AB活性污泥工艺 ,设计处理污水 2 0× 10 4 m3 d ,于 1997年 7月投入运行 ,至今运行状况良好。本文介绍了该工程的工艺流程、设计参数、主要处理构筑物和运行情况 ,对运行中出现的问题进行了分析和探讨     

高浓度洗毛废水生物降解的研究

根据高浓度洗毛废水的水质特性,选择、驯化出高效污泥和菌株,并对生物降解该废水时的工艺、污泥量、时间三要素进行了深入的研究．结果表明,对于物化处理彻底的废水, Ｈ／ Ｏ 工艺（ 水解／ 好氧工艺） 与好氧工艺处理差异不大;７０ ％ 左右物化效果时, Ｈ／ Ｏ 工艺处理时, Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ 去除率增加;废水在处理过程中成分变化大,后段水可用筛选优势菌的方法处理．实验室流动模型运行结果为：在原水ρ（ Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ） １８５４４ ｍｇ／ Ｌ 和设定ｔ Ｈ Ｒ（ 延滞期） 下,混凝后出水ρ（ Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ） ５３２２ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,水解池出水ρ（ Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ） ４７６３ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,好氧池出水 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ１９９ ．９ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,总 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ去除率为９８ ．９ ％     

RUNOFF OF METALS FROM ALUM-TREATED HORSE MANURE AND MUNICIPAL SLUDGE1

ABSTRACT: Land application of organic soil amendments can increase runoff concentrations of metals such as Fe and Zn, metalbids such as B and As, and non-metals such as P and S that have the potential for causing adverse environmental impacts. Aluminum sulfate, or alum (Al₂(SO₄)3*(14H₂O), can reduce concentrations of some materials in runoff from sites treated with organic amendments. The objectives of this study were to (a) quantify concentrations of selected constituents (Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, 5, Se, Ti, and Zn) in runoff from plots treated with horse manure (mixed with stall bedding) and municipal sludge, (b) assess runoff quality effects of alum addition to those treatments, and (c) determine time variations in concentrations of the constituents. Horse manure and municipal sludge were applied to twelve 2.4 by 6.1 m fescue plots (six each for the manure and sludge). Alum was added to three of the manure-treated and three of the sludge-treated plots. Simulated rainfall (64 mm/h) was applied to the 12 treated plots and to three control (no treatment) plots. The first 0.5 h runoff was sampled and analyzed for the constituents described above. Addition of manure or sludge had no effect on runoff concentrations of the majority of constituents. In some cases (e.g., Al, As, Fe, Zn), however, concentrations were near or in excess of threshold values recommended for marine wildlife protection. Alum addition increased runoff of Al, Ca, K, and 5, due likely to its composition and by the addition of lime to counteract the acidity of alum. Concentration decreases of more than 50 percent were noted for P for the horse manure treatment. No alum effect was detected for P in runoff from the sludge-treated plots, possibly due to relatively stable P forms in the sludge. Runoff concentrations of Al, As, Fe, K, Mn, and P followed an approximately first-order decline with respect to time. Runoff concentrations of Ca and 5, however, peaked during the second runoff sample (four minutes following initiation of runoff), suggesting that differences in mobility and/or transport mechanisms exist among the materials investigated.     

混合堆肥过程中挥发性固体含量的层次效应及动态变化

城市污泥与猪粪混合堆肥表明:升温期和高温期堆体上部有机物降解的差异较大,降温期堆体下部各层有机物降解的差异较大,且堆体内挥发性固体(VS)含量已形成明显的层次效应,腐熟期堆体中部有机物降解的差异较大,堆体内VS含量的层次效应仍很明显;不同堆肥期堆体内VS含量的差异由大到小分别为:降温期≥腐熟期>高温期>升温期,不同部位有机物降解程度由大到小为:上部>中部>下部;VS含量随时间的变化满足一级反应动力学方程,城市污泥和猪粪混合堆肥过程中VS的降解速率约为0.3kg·d^-1,VS含量降低了8.2%.