活性污泥数学模型中异养菌产率系数的测定

活性污泥数学模型常被用于预测污水处理厂中的生物过程。模型中异养菌产率系数YH对其他组分的测定值有显著的影响。目前．测定YH的主要方法有序批式活性污泥法和序批式呼吸计量法。在序批式呼吸计量法中．起始F／M值的选择十分关键。以醋酸钠为底物．对这两种方法进行了分析比较,序批式呼吸计量法为文章的推荐方法。     

厌氧降解两种苯二甲酸酯的试验研究

以邻苯二甲酸二[2-乙基己]酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为研究对象,以废水污泥和填埋场沥出液为接种物,在严格厌氧环境下,进行了苯二甲酸酯生物降解的研究试验。结果表明,DBP有较好的可降解性,去除率大于95％;而DEHP在填埋场沥出液培养样中去除率小于30％;但当接种物为消化污泥时,DEHP的去除率为89．7％。产甲烷的微生物群在邻苯二甲酸二酯的降解过程中起着非常重要的作用。     

离心机考核测试和带式机脱水性能试验研究

为配合吉林化学工业股份有限公司 30万t乙烯工程A/O工艺废水处理工程化学污泥脱水的需要 ,进行了生产运行离心机性能考核测试和小型带式压滤机应用于化学污泥脱水的中试性能试验研究。本研究确定了小型带式压滤机最佳投泥量、投药量和产泥量等指标。达到了验收的各项技术经济指标 ,具有显著的经济和环境效益。     

活性污泥合成生物可降解塑料的研究进展

PHAs(polyhydroxyalkanoates,聚羟基脂肪酸酯 )是许多原核微生物在不平衡生长条件下合成的细胞内能量和碳源储藏性物质 ,作为完全可生物降解的热塑性聚酯而倍受关注。介绍了利用生物处理污水中活性污泥的混合碳源及微生物群体发酵合成PHAs的有关研究成果 ,包括微生物的种类、碳源及合成途径等 ,重点分析厌氧 好氧法活性污泥积累PHAs的量化关系 ,指出合理的工艺及适当的营养条件可以提高污泥中PHAs的积累量。此工作为污水处理资源化及污泥减量化、实现清洁生产提供了非常有潜力的研究方向。     

UASCB-SMBR处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

研究了厌氧污泥复合床 (UASCB) 序批式膜生物反应器 (SMBR)串联工艺 ,处理垃圾渗滤液的工艺性能及影响因素 ,并与单纯的SMBR工艺进行了对比。试验结果表明 ,在进液COD浓度平均为 2 50 0mg/L ,NH+ 4-N平均浓度为 360mg/L ,厌氧反应器COD的负荷为 7～2 0kgCOD/m3·d ,SMBR负荷为 1～ 5kgCOD/m3·d,系统总水力停留时间为 1 4～ 2 8h时 ,该串联工艺COD去除率达到 92 %以上 ,NH+ 4-N的去除率在 80 %以上     

Evaluation of activated sludge properties’ changes in industrial-wastewater pre-treatment: role of residual aluminum hydrolyzed species with different polymerization degree

● Medium poly Al salts dominated the PAC residual salts with a rational dosage. ● Settlement flocculation effect under medium poly Al salts showed a better trend. ● Complex of medium poly Al salts and enzymes promoted cell activity. ● Medium poly Al salts were beneficial to the effluent indexes. With the widespread introduction of pre-coagulation prior to the biological unit in various industrial wastewater treatments, it is noteworthy that long-term accumulation of residual coagulants has certains effect on both micro and macro characteristics of activated sludge (AS). In this study, the morphology distributions of residual aluminum salts (RAS) and their effects on the removal efficiency of AS were investigated under different PAC concentrations. The results showed that the dominance of medium polymeric RAS, formed under an appropriate PAC dose of 20 mg/L enhanced the hydrophobicity, flocculation, and sedimentation performances of AS, as well as the enzymatic activity in cells in the sludge system, improving the main pollutants removal efficiency of the treatment system. Comparatively the species composition with monomer and dimer / high polymer RAS as the overwhelming parts under an over-dosed PAC concentration of 55 mg/L resulted in excessive secretion of EPS with loose flocs structure and conspicuous inhibition of cellular activity, leading to the deterioration of physico-chemical and biological properties of AS. Based on these findings, this study can shed light on the role of the RAS hydrolyzed species distributions, closely relevant to Al dosage, in affecting the comprehensive properties of AS and provide a theoretical reference for coagulants dosage precise control in the pretreatment of industrial wastewater.     

投加高效菌种处理难降解焦化废水的实验研究

通过对经 A1-A2-O工艺处理后的焦化废水进行 GC-MS分析,以废水中主要的难降解有机物苯甲酰肼,喹啉,萘为唯一碳源进行优势菌种筛选,获得 10株优势菌.对其进行分类学鉴定 ,并通过目标污染物生物降解能力实验,结果 B04,K01,K03,K04和 N02等 5株菌种具有高效降解能力.通过对降解过程的动力学分析,得出不同的菌株降解焦化废水均表现为一级反应关系.在活性污泥中投加优势菌株后 , 与普通活性污泥法相比 ,降解率均得到不同程度的提高.研究表明 ,投加高效菌种有利于提高焦化废水的降解率.     

南阳油田双河油泥的生物降解性研究

通过堆肥方法对南阳油田双河地区的油泥进行生物处理,通过投加肥料、菌剂,控制水分和pH值,可使微生物获得较好的生态环境。当油泥油含量在110～130g／kg范围时,XT-4、F-2、C-2、A-1和AB-1菌的混合菌经过120d的降解,石油总量的去除率可达到65％～70％。通过油族组分实验看出,石油中芳烃、非烃、沥青和胶质混合物是制约石油烃快速降解的主要因素。     

熟污泥改良土壤中Cd的形态分布特征和生物有效性

通过苜蓿盆栽实验和Tessier五步提取法,研究了不同比例的堆肥污泥施入黄土后,土壤中Cd的形态分布和生物有效性及重金属在施污土壤-苜蓿中的迁移转化规律。结果表明：不同比例的污泥施入黄土后,随着污泥施入量的增加,土壤中Cd的主要赋存形态由对照组的不可利用态(残渣态)向潜在有效态(铁锰氧化态)转化,污泥的施入提高了重金属Cd的生物有效性;苜蓿的种植对施污根际土中Cd的活性产生了钝化作用,使施污黄土根际土壤中潜在有效态Cd主要向不可利用态的Cd转化;苜蓿各器官对Cd均有富集和转移能力,苜蓿各部位重金属Cd含量的分布规律为：根部>茎叶部;线性回归分析结果表明：碳酸盐结合态Cd是苜蓿茎叶部和根部吸收Cd的主要贡献形态;因此在实际生产时须严格控制污泥的施用量,以避免Cd在苜蓿体内富集危害动物和人体健康。     

Experimental study on agitated drying characteristics of sewage sludge under the effects of different additive age

Drying experiments of dewatered sewage sludge (DSS) were conducted on a agitated paddle dryer, and the effects of additive agents, i.e., CaO, pulverized coal (PC), heavy oil (HO), and dried sludge ("DS" through back mixing) on the agitated drying characteristics of DSS were investigated. The results indicated that CaO can significantly increase the drying rate of DSS. The drying rate at CaO/DSS (mass ratio) = 1/100 was 135% higher than that of CaO/DSS = 0. Pulverized coal has no obvious effect on drying rate, but the increase of PC/DSS can promote breaking up of sludge lump. Heavy oil was found to be slightly effective in improving the drying rate of DSS in the examined experimental range of HO/DSS = 0-1/20. It is also found thatHOcan reduce the torque of the dryer shaft, due to its lubrication effect. Back mixing of DS was found to be effective in alleviating the unfavorable effect of the lumpy phase by improving the mixing effect of the paddle dryer. There was a marked increase of drying rate with an increase of the DS/DSS in the experimental range of DS/DSS = 0-1/3.