科技期刊如何走向市场

科技期刊作为一种专业性较强的学术性刊物,不同于其他通俗性时尚刊物,它的受众面较为狭窄,读者群也受到相应的限制,而要在社会主义市场经济体制下求得生存与发展,必须走向市场、适应新形势,在市场竞争中取得社会效益与经济效益的统一,开拓出新的局面。     

基于动态综合评价的区域环境风险差异化管理

借鉴灾害风险管理理论,运用“纵横向拉开档次法”和“时序加权平均算子法”构建了区域环境风险动态综合评价模型,提出了“风险评价-等级分区-差异化管理”的区域环境风险管理方法,并以河南省为案例研究对象,开展河南省18个市级单元环境风险的动态综合评价和“差异化”管理研究.结果显示：（1）郑州、许昌、漯河等市综合环境风险指数最高,分别为13.79、13.46和13.28,信阳、南阳和三门峡等市综合环境风险指数最低,分别为4.15、4.16和5.01;（2）采用系统分层聚类法将河南省18个市级单元聚为5类环境风险等级区,其中,郑州、许昌、漯河等属于高风险区;焦作、濮阳、鹤壁等属于较高风险区;安阳、开封属于中风险区;平顶山、商丘、周口等市属于较低风险区;洛阳、三门峡、南阳等市属于低风险区;（3）根据河南省各市环境风险等级及主导因素的差异,遵循高、较高风险区“重点控制、优先管理”、中低风险区“逐步控制、加强防范”的原则,提出了“差异化”的风险管理方案.研究结果表明,该方法不仅可实现区域环境风险动态综合评价,识别区域环境风险主要贡献因子,而且“差异化”的风险管理方案更符合地方经济社会环境协调发展的实际需求.     

安徽省持续性区域霾污染的时空分布特征

根据天气和气候特征,将安徽省分为沿淮淮北、江淮之间和沿江江南3个子区,并定义了持续性区域性霾过程.基于气象、环保及遥感资料,分析了安徽省持续性区域性霾过程及相应的气溶胶污染的时空分布特征.结果表明,江淮之间和沿江江南区域性霾日数自1980年开始总体呈增多趋势,沿淮淮北2000年开始增加趋势明显;1980年以来,城市持续性霾过程呈增多趋势,但城市之间差异较大;2000年之后持续性区域性霾过程明显增多,最长过程可达10d以上.62%以上的持续性区域性霾过程出现在冬季;江淮之间次数最多,沿江江南次数最少.区域性霾天气常对应着大范围的高湿、小风情况,并伴随着高浓度气溶胶污染,其光学厚度大于0.9,约是晴空天的2.3倍,气溶胶主要集中在400m以下,如近地面区域性霾天的消光系数是普通霾天的2~2.5倍,晴空天的3~5倍;地面PM_2.5污染而言,区域性霾天至少有一个或以上的城市AQI会达到轻度以上污染等级的概率超过了75%.     

碳排放约束下耕地利用效率的区域差异及其影响因素

论文将耕地利用碳排放纳入耕地利用效率的测度框架中,综合运用SBM-Undesirable模型、基尼系数分解模型和Tobit模型对中国大陆31个省区2003—2015年耕地利用效率的差异格局及影响因素进行定量测度。结果表明：1）总体来看,大部分省份考虑碳排放指标后形成的耕地利用效率值与不考虑碳排放指标相比都有不同幅度的下降;2）从SBM模型测度结果来看,不同尺度耕地利用效率在研究期内都呈上升趋势且表现出明显的区域差异,其中,东北地区的年平均耕地利用效率最高,中部地区最低;3）全国和四大区域耕地利用效率的基尼系数都有不同幅度的降低,地区差距有所缓解,组内差异缩小是中国耕地利用效率地区差距缩小的主要来源;4）耕地资源禀赋、经济发展水平、科学技术发展和政府重视程度等是影响耕地利用效率差异的重要因素,但是在不同样本分组情况下,不同因素的影响方向和强度存在差异;5）除了在技术层面探寻耕地利用减排路径及合理规模外,还应该在制度和政策层面对碳排放进行规范和引导,实现耕地低碳、高效利用及社会经济绿色发展。     

开发河南旅游资源的市场导向

本文指出,把旅游资源优势转化为经济优势是河南旅游业发展的关键,转化的方式是将旅游资源变为旅游产品,转化的原则是市场的需求,转化的步骤是根据市场需求,对旅游资源进行筛选,加工成适销对路的产品再推向旅游市场．     

区域生态经济规划编制导则

区域生态经济规划的编制及编制方法的研究，是当前国内外生态建设中的热点之一，不仅得到学术界的高度重视，也引起各国政府部门的关注。本文就如何编制区域生态经济规划进行了介绍，内容包括编制规划的指导思想、基本原则、规划目标的确定、规划应包括的内容以及编制规划的方法、技术路线和程序。文中还对规划编制过程中应注意的问题做了说明。     

Temporal changes in demand for and supply of nests in red bishops (Euplectes orix): dynamics of a biological market

The red bishop (Euplectes orix) is a highly polygynous and colonial weaverbird. Males construct several nests within their territories to which they try to attract females, and females are solely responsible for incubation and raising offspring. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of the red bishop’s mating system as a biological market and investigate the role of nests built by males as a traded commodity in a mating market. As timing of breeding in red bishops in arid and semi-arid zones depends on rainfall patterns which are often unpredictable, there are temporal changes in demand for and supply of nests within a breeding season, with breeding activities of males and females being highly synchronised. We found that males increased their nest-building speed with increased female breeding activity independently of rainfall, indicating that supply follows demand in this mating market. The supply of nests was always larger than the demand for nests. Construction costs for nests increased with demand for nests as indicated by shorter nest-building duration and shorter building delays between two consecutively built nests at times of high breeding activity. Males as a trading class are chosen according to the age of their nests offered, with young nests having a higher probability of being accepted by females. Furthermore, female choosiness with regard to nest age decreased when their own market value decreased, as predicted by biological market theory. The temporal changes of breeding activity together with the female preference for young and fresh nests require that males quickly adjust nest-building activity to varying female demand for new nests. However, males with a better adjustment of building speed to female breeding activity did not gain higher mating success.     

市场经济与土肥科技

土肥的基础地位是不随社会性质或社会经济类型的变化而变化的，它既具重要性，又具长久性．市场经济是仍然需要土肥科技的．土肥科技的教学、科研和推广的力度必须加大，局面必须改观，且宜快不宜迟．土肥科技工作者一定要将培肥地力作为中心工作．根据广东的实际，增施有机肥是培肥地力的主要措施，因而抓秸秆还田和发展冬绿肥是我们工作的重点．     

European scenarios for EUSES regional distribution model

The regional multimedia distribution model incorporated into EUSES 1.0 is used for the estimation of regionally predicted environmental concentrations in different European scenarios: a scenario representing a typical region in the north of Europe (high fraction connected to sewer systems, lower environmental temperature, high fractions of surface water and natural soil and a low fraction for agricultural soil) and another scenario representing a typical region in the south of Europe (low fraction connected to sewer systems, higher environmental temperature, low fractions for surface water and natural soil, and a high fraction for agricultural soil). The two scenarios are based on average data of countries in Northern and Southern Europe, but are not realistic for any specific country located in these regions. Scenario calculations were carried out using these two scenarios in addition to the generic standard region, given in EUSES 1.0 as a default scenario, and the North-Rhine Westphalian region. The substance properties, including emissions, were left unchanged for all scenarios. For a number of substances, the calculated concentrations in both the North and the South of Europe turned out to be higher than those calculated with the standard generic scenario. Thus, the standard scenario cannot be considered as a 'worst case' scenario per se. Uncertainties due to the regional heterogeneity within Europe are high. It is recommended to use these two additional scenarios for an improved estimation of possible concentration ranges in Europe.     

天津市大港石化工业发展规划区区域废水COD(Cr)总量控制实例分析

 区域废水污染物排放总量控制是当前环境影响评价和环境规划中探讨的重要课题。天津市大港石化发展规划区占地约35km₂，是一个已具一定规模并在迅速发展的石油化工工业区。本文从最终受纳水体开始，采取反向递推分析方式，确定了该规划区区域废水COD_Cr总量控制目标，并分析了该规划区区域废水COD_Cr排放量削减的可行性。