海南与其他6个生态示范省的经济发展及区域可持续发展能力比较

建设生态省是实施区域可持续发展的一种有效组织形式。本文就国家环保总局批准的七个生态示范省的经济发展及区域可持续发展能力进行比较,发现七省的经济发展现状及区域可持续发展能力在全国31个地区中属于中上水平,均有创建生态省的本底条件,但区域可持续发展各方面的能力极不平衡,各省要从实际出发,扬长避短,因地制宜,探索具有本地特色的生态省建设的新路子。     

我国城市水环境产业发展规模和市场容量的SD模型

采用SD方法,建立了城市水环境产业与人口、经济、资源和环境之间相互关系的动态、非线性模型(SDMUWEIC),在不确定分析基础上,预测了未来城市水环境产业的发展规模、市场容量和市场结构.表明城市水环境产业将为建筑、通用机械设备和水处理专用设备等提供广阔的市场,从而促进消费,带动国民经济其他行业的发展.本文还进一步预测了不同城市人口比例和水价增长速度,对城市水环境产业发展的影响.     

试论高校人才成本的核算(摘要)

如何建立与社会主义市场经济相适应的高等教育成本核算模式,是一个亟需研究的全新课题.本文紧紧围绕"高校人才成本核算"一这主题,集中论述了什么是人才成本、为什么要进行人才成本的核算、怎样进行人才成本核算等几个必须研究解决的问题,以期能找出一条全面核算高校人才成本的可行之路.     

Efficient regional ozone control strategies for the eastern United States

When environmental regulatory bodies formulate control plans, it is incumbent upon them to try to achieve the stated goals in an economically efficient manner. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is presently developing regulations to limit the influence of transported ozone on areas that are having difficulty meeting the ambient air quality standard. EPA has proposed stringent control measures for emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in 22 states of the eastern US. The strategy would necessitate the use of selective catalytic reduction or similar high-performance technology on almost all major power plants in the region, as well as extensive controls on industrial sources. This paper suggests several alternative approaches that would achieve equal or better environmental improvement at lower cost. These include focusing control efforts on sources closer to the North-east Corridor, pushing controls on close-in sources to a higher level of technology performance, and relaxing the stringency of requirements for states remote from ozone problem areas. All the approaches examined are two to three times more cost-effective than EPA's proposed approach in the North-east Corridor.     

Environmental assessment in countries in transition: evolution in a changing context

Over the last fifteen years, Environmental Assessment systems of transitional societies of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia have undergone dramatic change from appraisals integrated into centrally planned economies to formal procedures aimed to ensure interdisciplinary analysis of environmental impacts and linked to publicly accountable decision-making. In most Central European nations, EA systems have been radically reformed to approximate the procedures used in developed countries, particularly in the European Union. In contrast, EA in most of the former Soviet republics has been reformed more gradually and is still based on the so-called State Environmental Review procedure inherited from the USSR and substantially different from 'Western' EA. About one-third of the transitional countries (in the Balkans, the Caucasus and Central Asia) have, so far, failed to establish functioning EA systems. Throughout the region, there has been a gap between EA legislation and practice, especially concerning interdisciplinary analysis of environmental impacts, public participation, and utilisation of EA findings in decision-making. A key driving force in the reform of EA systems has been the change in their societal context, the so-called 'process of transition'. Three main policy agendas--environmental protection, reforms of decision-making, and conforming to international requirements--along with the institutional context of EA regulations and practice have influenced both the change of EA systems over time and the regional variations in the patterns of their evolution. This study suggests that an effective reform of an EA system should be context-sensitive, or be 'in gear' with the political and economic transition. Future EA research should consider their changing societal contexts and focused on practical effects of applying EA procedures.     

区域火灾风险评估模型研究的理论与实践

首先立足于风险研究这个大背景下,在理论上对风险的概念进行了比较分析。然后针对水灾的风险根据其研究与实践中的侧重点不同,分为“损失可能性”学派、“未来损失”学派以及“损失不确定性”三个学派。在此基础上,分析了水灾风险的不确定性,从而提出了易于概率论和可能性理论的水灾风险定义,并将此定义应用于区域水灾风险评估的模型中。最后,探讨了水灾风险评估研究的问题与对其未来的展望。     

中国科技人才资源区域差异与类型

中国科技人才资源的地区和部门分布具有明显的区域差异.在三大地带间、地区内和各省市间差异程度不同且有扩大趋势,在三个重要部门中配置也表现出明显的地域差异.根据科技人才资源赋存状况及部门配置的区位熵值,将各省市区分成5种类型:科技人才资源高度型、中高度型、中度型、中低度型、低度型,这些区域类型与我国的区域经济发展格局相适应.     

水污染问题的经济学分析及其对策探讨

针对我国水资源污染的现状,从经济学角度对水污染的原因进行了分析,指出在公共资源产权没有明确界定的情况下,公共资源总是被过度利用,水资源产权制度缺损导致的外部性是水污染问题产生的根本原因;提出通过状态转移、实行产权管理、建立完善的市场调节机制和法律体系,是解决我国水污染问题的根本出路.     

我国自驾车旅游市场发展动力、特征及其效应

自驾车旅游是我国近年来兴起的一种新兴的旅游方式.论述了旅游组织方式的发展规律、旅游者的心理需求、汽车业发展、交通设施发展以及灵活的价格机制是自驾车旅游发展的主要因素,从人口学特征、旅游动机、旅游方式、旅游消费和空间流动规律等方面阐述了自驾车旅游市场特征,分析了它的经济效益和社会效益,并对自驾车旅游的可持续发展提出了相应对策.     

双龙风景区国内游客市场结构分析

在国内游客随机抽样调查的基础上,分析了双龙风景区国内游客市场结构.得出双龙风景区国内游客的客源地构成,目标市场和市场开拓的方向;国内游客的社会经济特征和市场发展趋势;国内游客在风景区的旅游目的、喜好、逗留时间和消费水平;游客对风景区的旅游体验、评价以及目前风景区存在的主要问题.