两种高浓度酚醛树脂生产废水的树脂吸附处理及其资源化研究

采用XDA-1树脂吸附和碱液解吸工艺对两种高浓度酚醛树脂生产废水进行处理和回收研究。结果显示,在室温、pH 4~6、流速1~2BV/h条件下,两种废水的酚浓度分别从9500mg/L和24500mg/L降低到1mg/L和5mg/L,CODC r分别从18800mg/L和212000mg/L降低到1450mg/L和97500mg/L。用浓度4%的NaOH溶液在60℃条件下进行解析,解吸效率达99%。从两种废水中分别回收了浓度8%~12%的羟甲基酚和甲基苯酚,既减少了对环境的污染,又回收了资源。     

树脂吸附-NaClO曝气氧化法处理促进剂M废水的研究

研究了苯胺法生产促进剂M废水的治理 ,通过采用树脂吸附 NaClO曝气氧化二级处理工艺 ,分步去除有机污染物和硫化物 ,废水出水可达到国家一级排放标准。根据实验确定了适宜的工艺参数 ,氧化阶段的实验结果还证实Na ClO曝气氧化较NaClO搅拌氧化具有更高的去除效率     

核电站废离子交换树脂微波干燥可行性研究

目前,核电站产生的废树脂,大多数采用暂存或水泥固化方法,但水泥固化增容比达4.8～5.2。桶内干燥工艺以其工艺简单,减容比大等优点,已在国外核电站得到应用。微波干燥具有由内向外的干燥特点。据报道,微波干燥废树脂的减容比可达5。用微波作为热源,在桶内干燥条件下对核电厂产生的废树脂开展了可行性研究。研究表明,在试验条件下,初始含水率50%左右的树脂,干燥后的含水率均小于10%,减容比为1.5～2。试验结果表明微波干燥废树脂是可行的。     

XAD-7吸附-毛细管柱气相色谱法测定工作场所空气中乙二醇

采用离子交换树脂XAD-7吸附-毛细管柱气相色谱法测定工作场所空气中乙二醇,结果表明,该方法在0 mg/L~1 116 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.88 mg/L,当采样体积为7.5 L时,最低检出质量浓度为0.11 mg/m3。乙二醇标准溶液测定结果的RSD为1.3%,空白加标回收率为80.1%~107%,方法的采集效率为98.0%。     

天然水体溶解性有机物(DOM)分级组分对典型城市源污染的荧光响应

运用化学(树脂)分级方法和三维荧光光谱技术,从总体溶解性有机物(DOM)到DOM各分级组分,逐步深入考察其总体分级特征及各组分三维荧光特征对典型城市生活源污染的响应特征和机理. 总体DOM分级特征对污染的产生和变化响应较弱,而DOM的分级组分对生活源污染具有较好的响应特性. DOM的总体分级特征表明,无污染的源头水DOM中以憎水酸(HoA)为主(相对含量最高),其次为亲水性物质(HiM),而受污染水体DOM中的憎水性碱和中性物质(HoBN)及弱憎水酸(WHoA)的绝对含量和相对含量均明显增高,表明用HoBN和WHoA组分相对含量的增加指示污染的增加具有一定的可行性. 研究各分级组分的三维荧光光谱结构特征表明,HoA,HoBN及HiM均对城市源污染具有良好的响应特性,受污染水体的HoA和HoBN组分荧光特征信息更为突出和丰富,且主要为具有紫外吸收的生物代谢类蛋白物质;最为特异的是WHoA组分,其在源头水中主要为含共轭结构的富里酸类物质,而在受污染水体中该类物质几乎消失且荧光响应也急剧降低. 分析式分级法获得的水体DOM主要分级组分对城市源污染具有较好的响应特性.      

Decomposition of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl with iron supported on an activated carbon from an ion-exchange resin

An activated carbon (AC) containing a high concentration (374 mg g⁻¹) of Fe was prepared by carbonization of an ion-exchange resin. To examine its chemical reactivity as a catalyst to decompose 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153), the decomposition parameters of temperature and time were varied under air or N₂. Decomposition at 350 °C was achieved within 15 min under air and 30 min under N₂, and the efficiency of PCB-153 decomposition was 99.7% and 98.0%, respectively. An analysis of inorganic chloride ions revealed that PCB-153 was mineralized effectively during the decomposition. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume of the AC were measured to assess the adsorption capacity before and after the decomposition. The differences between decomposition under air and N₂ reflected the differences in the BET surface and pore volume measurements. A decomposition pathway was postulated, and the reactive characteristics of chlorine atoms loaded on the benzene rings followed the order of para > meta > ortho, which agrees with the calculated results from a density functional theory study.     

Size and resin fractionations of dissolved organic matter and trihalomethane precursors from four typical source waters in China

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its potential to form disinfection by-products (DBPs) during drinking water treatment raise challenges to water quality control. Understanding both chemical and physical characteristics of DOM in source waters is key to better water treatment. In this study, the DOM from four typical source waters in China was fractionated by XAD resin adsorption (RA) and ultrafiltration (UF) techniques. The trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) of all fractions in the DOM were investigated to reveal the major THM precursors. The fraction distributions of DOM could be related to their geographical origins in a certain extent. The dominant chemical fraction as THM precursors in the DOM from south waters (East-Lake reservoir in Shenzhen and Peal rivers in Guangzhou) was hydrophobic acid (HoA). The size fraction with molecular weight (MW) <1 kDa in both south waters had the highest THMFP. The results of cluster analysis showed that the parameters of fractions including DOC percentage (DOC%), UV₂₅₄%, SUVA₂₅₄ (specific UV₂₅₄ absorbance) and THMFP were better for representing the differences of DOM from the studied waters than specific THMFP (STHMFP). The weak correlation between SUVA₂₅₄ and STHMFP for either size or XAD fractions suggests that whether SUVA₂₅₄ can be used as an indicator for the reactivity of THM formation is highly dependent on the nature of organic matter.     

淀粉基超强吸水剂的研究

本文研究了淀粉基超强吸水剂的合成方法，探讨了反应条件对吸水性的影响.     

阳离子交换树脂生产中废酸的回收利用及树脂质量控制

采用 酸套洗工艺代替传统的加水稀释洗涤工艺，成功地解决了阳离子交换树脂生产中废酸的回收利用问题，研究了采用新洗涤工艺后树脂变红的机理和防止对策，结果表明，树脂发红帅微生物的参与而引起的。采以完善洗涤 灭菌措施可防止树脂 ，从而确保了稀酸套洗工艺的顺利实施。     

高分子多孔小球GDX-102对水中有机氯农药的富集作用

测定了国产高分子小球GDX-102对水中微量有机氯农药(β-666、p,p’-DDE和p,p’-DDT)的吸附容量和富集效率,选取了动态富集最佳水样流速.结果表明,GDX-102对上述三种有机氯农药均有较大的吸附容量,其数值分别为14.2mg/g(β-666)、22.3mg/g(p,p’-DDE)和31.4mg/g(p,p’-DDT).在实验条件下,水样流速在0—60ml/min范围内变化时,对GDX-102的富集效率影响甚小,富集效率接近100％,因此,GDX-102可应用于环境水样中微量有机氯农药的现场采样富集.