Using historical spy satellite photographs and recent remote sensing data to identify high-conservation-value forests

High-conservation-value forests (HCVFs) are critically important for biodiversity and ecosystem service provisioning, but they face many threats. Where systematic HCVF inventories are missing, such as in parts of Eastern Europe, these forests remain largely unacknowledged and therefore often unprotected. We devised a novel, transferable approach for detecting HCVFs based on integrating historical spy satellite images, contemporary remote sensing data (Landsat), and information on current potential anthropogenic pressures (e.g., road infrastructure, population density, demand for fire wood, terrain). We applied the method to the Romanian Carpathians, for which we mapped forest continuity (1955–2019), canopy structural complexity, and anthropogenic pressures. We identified 738,000 ha of HCVF. More than half of this area was identified as susceptible to current anthropogenic pressures and lacked formal protection. By providing a framework for broad-scale HCVF monitoring, our approach facilitates integration of HCVF into forest conservation and management. This is urgently needed to achieve the goals of the European Union's Biodiversity Strategy to maintain valuable forest ecosystems.     

2015~2020年洪泽湖浮游植物群落结构及其环境影响因子

洪泽湖是南水北调东线工程的重要调蓄湖泊,在气候调节、防洪防汛等方面起着重要的作用.为研究洪泽湖浮游植物群落结构演替及与环境因子的关系,了解“十年禁渔”前洪泽湖生态系统状况,于2015～2020年进行了逐月监测.研究期间,总氮(TN)年平均浓度从2017年之后呈显著下降趋势,总磷(TP)和化学需氧量(COD)总体呈下降趋势,水温无明显变化趋势,水深和透明度从2015～2018年上升,之后显著下降.调查期间共鉴定有浮游植物8门102属310种,浮游植物优势门类主要包括绿藻门和硅藻门,其次为蓝藻门和甲藻门.主要优势属为栅藻(Scenedesmus)、直链藻(Aulacoseira)、隐藻(Cryptomonas)、小环藻(Cyclotella)、四角藻(Tetraedron)、微囊藻(Microcystis)和长孢藻(Dolichospermum).非度量多维尺度分析方法(NMDS)表明,洪泽湖浮游植物群落结构组成在不同年份、不同季节和不同采样区域有显著差异,其变化主要是浮游植物的优势种属间再分配.NMDS分析结果显示,洪泽湖浮游植物群落结构变化与水温、 TN、 TP、水深和透明度等因素有关...     

Evaluation of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Satellite Rainfall Products over the Lower Colorado River Basin,Texas

Quality of precipitation products from the Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement mission (IMERG) was evaluated over the Lower Colorado River Basin of Texas. Observations of several rainfall events of a wide range of magnitudes during May 2015 by a very dense network of 241 rain gauges over the basin were used as a reference. The impact of temporal and spatial downscaling of different satellite products (near/post‐real‐time) on their accuracy was studied. Generally, all IMERG products perform better when the temporal and spatial resolutions are downscaled. The Final product shows relatively better performance compared to the near‐real‐time products in terms of basic performance measures; however, regarding rainfall detection, all products show nearly similar performance. When considering rainfall detection, IMERG adequately captures the precipitation events; however, in terms of spatial patterns and accuracy, more improvements are needed. IMERG products analysis results may help developers gain insight into the regional performance of the product, improve the product algorithms, and provide information to end users on the products’ suitability for potential hydrometeorological applications. Overall, the IMERG products, even the uncalibrated product at its finest resolution, showed reasonable performance indicating their great potential for applications such as water resources management, prevention of natural disasters, and flood forecasting.     

基于气象卫星分形纹理的云雾分离研究

在研究了卫星图像上雾的光谱和纹理结构特征的基础上,采用差分盒维数计算模型对气象卫星遥感图像中的云雾进行了纹理分析和分离。采用划分、计算卫星图像各连通域,分别求取各连通域加权分形维数,进而设定维数阈值的方法进行了雾信息提取。利用GMS—5卫星红外通道资料,进行了云雾分离试验,取得了较好的雾信息提取效果。     

北京市卫星城生活垃圾产生量的灰色预测

运用灰色理论,建立GM(1,1)模型来预测北京卫星城生活垃圾产生量。经过模型精度检验,结果表明:预测精度等级为1级,表明该方法对预测北京卫星城城市生活垃圾产生量是可行的,并运用此模型预测了2009—2020年北京卫星城生活垃圾的产生量。     

双光谱卫星云图的模糊推理云分类

基于观测事实和分类经验,在对卫星云图上云系形态特征定性分析的基础上,采用模糊推理方法,提取出云类识别的诊断判别因子和模糊推理规则。通过对判别因子的模糊化处理和隶属度函数的调制优化,建立了卫星云图定量化的模糊推理云分类模型。4种常见云系的模糊推理分类试验结果表明,模糊推理方法在定量性、客观性和自动化等方面优于传统卫星云图目视判读方法,在卫星遥感资料的分析处理和天气预报等领域有较好的实用意义。     

一次雷暴天气发生发展的水汽图和红外云图特征分析

通过MTSAT的水汽图和红外云图,结合天气图、NCEP资料、地闪实况资料和探空数据对在高空急流影响下的暗区雷暴实例进行了对比分析。结果表明:暗区雷暴在卫星云图上表现为经过白天太阳辐射对晴空区(水汽图暗区)近地面的加热作用,大气不稳定能量增加,在一定条件下,午后强雷暴时常发生发展于高空急流左侧的晴空区中;而在水汽图上,高空急流与水汽图上的干区、湿区间有明显的联系,而这些联系又与强雷暴的发生发展有密切的关系,是雷暴发生发展的重要条件;在雷暴云发展过程中,地闪时空分布在卫星云图上有着明显的对应。     

“十二五”期间秦皇岛市加强环境应急能力建设的对策

结合秦皇岛市沿海旅游城市的实际情况,指出了环境应急管理中存在的机构不健全、人员不固定、设备和经费缺乏等问题,并从队伍、装备、预案、演习、应急指挥、危险化学品运输等10个方面提出了对策,以期为环境应急管理工作提供参考。     

嵊州、新昌地震与低空大气增温异常

从嵊州、新昌地震 (1998 0 8 17T 1∶4 6ML4 5)的地震地质构造环境、卫星热红外异常与近地表大气增温异常等三个方面 ,进行了研究。认为地震前几日 ,震区及周围大面积的突发性低空大气增温异常与卫星红外异常是一种临震前兆 ,并总结了增温异常的时空演变规律与地震活动的关系。     

云南省气溶胶光学厚度时空变化特征的遥感研究

利用中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)的气溶胶产品研究云南省气溶胶光学厚度(AOT)的时空变化特征。研究结果表明:在长时间尺度上,区域月平均AOT没有明显的增长趋势,年平均值大约为0.19,反映了人为活动排放进入大气的气溶胶没有明显的增加;月平均AOT的变化呈双峰分布特征,2个峰值分别出现在3、8月,AOT大约为0.35±0.08和0.31±0.05,5月出现明显的谷值(0.20±0.03),AOT减少的原因可能是该地区降水增多,大量的降水可以清除大气中的气溶胶粒子,最小值常出现在1月或12月,AOT大约为0.09±0.02。在空间上,云南省AOT普遍较低,年平均值的空间分布为0~0.4,低值区出现在西北部的迪庆州、怒江州和丽江市;AOT高值区分布在云南省的南部和东北部地区,3月AOT值最大可达0.80以上,南部和北部差值达到0.60以上,8月AOT的高值区主要出现在中部的玉溪市红河州北部、玉溪市和昆明市。云南省AOT北高南低分布格局的原因主要是北部地区人为气溶胶排放较少,另外,由于地形的影响,北部地区风速较大,气溶胶停留在大气中的时间较短,AOT较小。