废水中甲基橙的电化学降解

以FTO导电玻璃作为阳极、石墨电极作为阴极电解模拟甲基橙废水,优化了工艺条件,并对甲基橙的降解机理进行了初步探究。实验结果表明,在NaCl投加量5 g/L、电压8 V、废水pH 6、初始甲基橙质量浓度6.0 mg/L的优化条件下电解30 min,废水的脱色率达91.3%,COD降低了62%。机理研究结果表明,电解产生的羟基自由基与甲基橙发生氧化还原反应,破坏了甲基橙的显色基团,使其内部某些化学键发生断裂,从而达到脱色的目的。     

玻璃弹簧负载镶嵌纳米粒子TiO2膜光催化降解活性深蓝K-R

以玻璃弹簧负载镶嵌纳米粒子的TiO2膜降解活性深蓝K-R模拟废水,考察了pH值和温度对脱色率的影响以及CODCr去除率与脱色率之间的关系,并用XRD和SEM对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,pH值和温度对脱色率均有显著影响,CODCr去除率与脱色率的比值约为70%左右;XRD表明,TiO2矿相主要为锐钛型,SEM表明,镶嵌TiO2粒子均匀,粒径约50nm.     

生活垃圾分类背景下对广州市废玻璃回收利用的思考

废玻璃是一种载能节能、低碳环保、可重复利用和再生利用的再生资源,广州市通过补贴政策、两网融合等手段,促进废玻璃回收利用,随着生活垃圾分类纵深推进,为了进一步提高废玻璃回收利用,从废玻璃回收利用现状入手,对比了北京、上海生活垃圾中废弃玻璃的占比情况,针对目前存在问题,提出废玻璃回收利用分析与建议.     

检测水中有机磷农药的酶传感器

采用丝网印刷技术制作厚膜型电极,通过交联法将乙酰胆碱酯酶固定在电极上,开发快速检测水中有机磷农药的酶传感器.采用循环伏安法对电极所做的检测结果表明电极彼此间的差异在10%以内,具有较好的一致性.通过在交联剂、酶和底物等方面优化传感器的工作参数,确定了戊二醛、酶和底物的浓度分别为0.2%、0.5 mg/mL和10 mmol/L时,传感器响应最好.在交联固定酶的情况下,根据酶活受到有机磷抑制的原理,采用时间-电流法对特丁硫磷和对硫磷进行了检测.结果表明:这2种有机磷的检测限都可以达到1 ng/mL,线性区间1～10 000ng/mL.在物理吸附固定酶的情况下,采用循环伏安法对特丁硫磷进行了检测.结果表明:采用循环伏安法检测的灵敏度比采用时间-电流法的灵敏度要高.     

改性乙二醛-水玻璃化学灌浆材料的研究

研究了一种改性乙二醛一水玻璃化学灌浆材料,其胶凝时间可由乙二醛的加入量控制．抗压强度大．表面活性剂甲的加入可以有效提高其渗透性。     

医疗废物焚烧处理核心技术的开发及应用

国内已建成的医疗废物焚烧设施目前普遍存在进料系统不稳定、玻璃结渣和高浓度HCl气体的排放的问题。这些技术难点已成为医疗废物焚烧处置行业发展的瓶颈。本文介绍了可解决上述问题的"可调节医疗废物恒流量进料技术"、"医废焚烧防玻璃结渣技术"和"含高浓度氯化氢医废尾气处理技术"三项医疗废物焚烧处理核心技术的主要特点及技术指标与应用实例。     

Toxic masking and synergistic modulation of the estrogenic activity of chemical mixtures in a yeast estrogen screen (YES)

Background, aim and scope

Estrogenic and non-estrogenic chemicals typically co-occur in the environment. Interference by non-estrogenic chemicals may confound the assessment of the actual estrogenic activity of complex environmental samples. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether, in which way and how seriously the estrogenic activity of single estrogens and the observed and predicted joint action of estrogenic mixtures is influenced by toxic masking and synergistic modulation caused by non-estrogenic chemical confounders.

Materials and methods

The yeast estrogen screen (YES) was adapted so that toxicity and estrogenicity could be quantified simultaneously in one experimental run. Mercury, two organic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 2,4-dinitroaniline), a surfactant (LAS-12) and the antibiotic cycloheximide were selected as toxic but non-estrogenic test chemicals. The confounding impact of selected concentrations of these toxicants on the estrogenic activity of the hormone 17ß-estradiol was determined by co-incubation experiments. In a second step, the impact of toxic masking and synergistic modulation on the predictability of the joint action of 17ß-estradiol, estrone and estriol mixtures by concentration addition was analysed.

Results

Each of the non-estrogenic chemicals reduced the apparent estrogenicity of both single estrogens and their mixtures if applied at high, toxic concentrations. Besides this common pattern, a highly substance- and concentration-dependent impact of the non-estrogenic toxicants was observable. The activity of 17ß-estradiol was still reduced in the presence of only low or non-toxic concentrations of 2,4-dinitroaniline and cycloheximide, which was not the case for mercury and DMSO. A clear synergistic modulation, i.e. an enhanced estrogenic activity, was induced by the presence of slightly toxic concentrations of LAS-12. The joint estrogenic activity of the mixture of estrogens was affected by toxic masking and synergistic modulation in direct proportion to the single estrogens, which allowed for an adequate adaptation of concentration addition and thus unaffected predictability of the joint estrogenicity in the presence of non-estrogenic confounders.

Discussion

The modified YES proved to be a reliable system for the simultaneous quantification of yeast toxicity and estrogen receptor activation. Experimental results substantiate the available evidence for toxic masking as a relevant phenomenon in estrogenicity assessment of complex environmental samples. Synergistic modulation of estrogenic activity by non-estrogenic confounders might be of lower importance. The concept of concentration addition is discussed as a valuable tool for estrogenicity assessment of complex mixtures, with deviations of the measured joint estrogenicity from predictions indicating the need for refined analyses.

Conclusions

Two major challenges are to be considered simultaneously for a reliable analysis of the estrogenic activity of complex mixtures: the identification of known and suspected estrogenic compounds in the sample as well as the substance- and effect-level-dependent confounding impact of non-estrogenic toxicants.

Recommendations and perspectives

The application of screening assays such as the YES to complex mixtures should be accompanied by measures that safeguard against false negative results which may be caused by non-estrogenic but toxic confounders. Simultaneous assessments of estrogenicity and toxicity are generally advisable.     

Experimental study of recycling lightweight concrete with aggregates containing expanded glass

The focus is on the issue of waste management when constructing and recycling lightweight concrete (LWC) with aggregates containing expanded glass. The paper analyses the recycling of concrete from lightweight aggregates, and on the important issue of environmental and waste management. The characteristics of recycling LWC such as density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity are investigated, and compared with normal existing concrete from lightweight aggregates. The results indicate that it is possible to recycle lightweight concrete construction waste. The described method shows great possibilities for increasing the use of construction waste materials from LWC containing expanded glass, in order to benefit from better use of the available capacity from existing construction waste. The characteristics of density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity from the new recycled material were compared with normal existing concrete from lightweight aggregates, such as changes in dependency on the type and parts of waste as well as its new binding components. Thus, a new recycled material has been created with new characteristics of density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity, which is conform to the compressive strength class and rules on heat protection and energy efficiency use in buildings (SI OJ RS No. 42/2002). Laboratory density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity tests results showed that LWC can be produced by the use of waste LWC with aggregates containing expanded glass. However, the use of waste LWC with aggregates containing expanded glass seems to be necessary for the production of cheaper and environmentally friendly LWC.     

利用CRT屏玻璃制备板状泡沫玻璃

以废旧阴极射线管(CRT屏)为主要原料,混合碳粉作为发泡剂,硼砂为助熔剂、稳泡剂,利用烧结法制备出的板状泡沫玻璃是一种高性能无机建筑保温材料。利用TG-DSC-MS研究分析了CRT屏玻璃的热性能与发泡剂协同作用的关系。配合料被预先压制成板块状,然后在发泡温度下进行烧成。研究了发泡剂碳粉的含量、发泡温度和发泡时间与其结构、性能的关系。研究分析表明,以废CRT屏玻璃为主要原料、碳粉为发泡剂,将混合料压制成块,烧制出板状泡沫玻璃。其较佳的发泡温度为850℃、碳粉的最佳用量范围为0.3%～0.5%,较好的发泡时间为30 min。烧制的板状泡沫玻璃的密度为0.292 g/cm3。在相同的制备条件下,随着发泡温度的升高,气泡孔径也呈现增大趋势,孔壁也逐渐变薄。随着发泡时间逐渐增加,气孔的直径迅速增大,并有形成连通孔。     

某钢厂烧结烟气脱硫系统滤袋失效原因分析

分析了聚苯硫醚自身特性,从而了解目前烧结烟气脱硫系统袋式除尘器中选择其作为滤料的原因。并就目前某钢厂烧结烟气脱硫系统实际发生的滤袋失效问题,通过扫描电镜、EDS能谱分析及烧失量实验对滤袋进行分析,发现材料中混入的玻璃纤维是造成其失效的主要原因,为今后实际工程中滤袋的选择提供依据,从而尽量减少不必要的损失,确保烟气脱硫项目的正常运行。