半导体光催化剂及其改性技术进展

本文介绍了用于水处理的半导体光催化剂的作用原理，综述了近年来有关贵金属淀积、金属离子掺杂、表面光敏化、半导体复合和粘土交联等半导体改性技术的研究，并对其原理进行解释和说明。     

低温等离子体氧化甲烷的实验研究

采用电容耦合等离子体对干空气中的甲烷进行氧化实验,对甲烷的分解效率、反应产物进行了分析。并且和放置催化剂时进行对比,结果表明放置催化剂后,甲烷的分解效率明显提高,反应产物中CO2 的选择性增加。甲烷的最终氧化产物都为CO、CO2 和H2 O。     

贫燃条件Ag-Rh/CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3协同催化C_3H_6选择性还原NO的原位红外研究

将Ag-Rh浸渍到共沉淀法合成的Ce-Zr-Al上,制备出Ag(0.04)-Rh(x)/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2-75%Al2O3系列催化剂,采用BET比表面积、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)和原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(DRIFTS)对催化剂进行表征,并探讨催化剂在贫燃条件下选择性还原NO的活性和反应机理.结果表明,Ag-Rh双组分催化剂的活性较单组分Ag、Rh催化剂的高.Rh负载量为0.7%(质量分数)时,NO转化率达最佳(90.3%),且反应的起燃温度低、活性温度范围宽(300～500℃).DRIFTS结果显示,Rh的添加不仅有利于催化剂表面NO的吸附,而且能促进Ag催化生成关键反应中间体—CO—NH—,进而显著提高NO的转化率.     

Minimization of methabenzthiazuron residues in leaching water using amended soils and photocatalytic treatment with TiO2 and ZnO

In the present work, potential groundwater pollution by methabenzthiazuron （MTBU） and the effect of three different amendments （composted sheep manure, composted pine bark and spent coffee grounds） on its mobility were investigated under laboratory conditions. The efficiency of ZnO and TiO2 suspensions in the photocatalytic degradation of MTBU in leaching water was also investigated. The relative and cumulative breakthrough curves were obtained from disturbed soil columns. The presence and/or addition of organic matter drastically reduced the movement of the herbicide. On other hand, photocatalytic experiments showed that the addition of ZnO and TiO2 strongly enhances the degradation rate of this herbicide compared with the results of photolytic experiments under artificial light. ZnO appeared to be more effective in MTBU oxidation than TiO2. The results obtained point to the interest of using organic wastes and heterogeneous photocatalysis for reducing the pollution of groundwater by pesticide drainage.     

太阳能固定膜光催化灭菌的特性

以实用型太阳能固定膜光催化中试装置对水中大肠杆菌的灭活特性进行了研究.结果表明,太阳能固定膜光催化灭菌包含光催化灭菌和阳光直接灭菌的协同作用,光催化杀菌效果优于阳光的直接杀菌效果.环境扫描电镜分析(ESEM)表明,光催化处理对菌体产生了致命性破坏.光催化灭菌还具有良好的持久性,灭菌处理8 h后,没有出现明显复活再生现象.光催化灭菌速率随循环流速、光强的增大而增大.太阳能固定膜光催化灭菌技术具有良好的应用前景.     

A review on sustainable reuse applications of Fenton sludge during wastewater treatment

• The sustainable approaches related to Fenton sludge reuse systems are summarized. • Degradation mechanism of Fenton sludge heterogeneous catalyst is deeply discussed. • The efficient utilization directions of Fenton sludge are proposed. The classical Fenton oxidation process (CFOP) is a versatile and effective application that is generally applied for recalcitrant pollutant removal. However, excess iron sludge production largely restricts its widespread application. Fenton sludge is a hazardous solid waste, which is a complex heterogeneous mixture with Fe(OH)₃, organic matter, heavy metals, microorganisms, sediment impurities, and moisture. Although studies have aimed to utilize specific Fenton sludge resources based on their iron-rich characteristics, few reports have fully reviewed the utilization of Fenton sludge. As such, this review details current sustainable Fenton sludge reuse systems that are applied during wastewater treatment. Specifically, coagulant preparation, the reuse of Fenton sludge as an iron source in the Fenton process and as a synthetic heterogeneous catalyst/adsorbent, as well as the application of the Fenton sludge reuse system as a heterogeneous catalyst for resource utilization. This is the first review article to comprehensively summarize the utilization of Fenton sludge. In addition, this review suggests future research ideas to enhance the cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and large-scale feasibility of Fenton sludge applications.     

单原子环境催化研究进展

单原子催化剂不仅实现了对金属原子最大化利用,而且具有较高催化活性和选择性,还是理想的催化理论研究位点,近年来引起了广泛关注。环境催化在环境保护和污染修复中扮演着重要的角色。单原子催化剂在环境催化领域越来越受关注并有望应用于解决环境问题。单原子催化剂研究的重点和难点集中在单原子催化剂可控合成和催化位点分析表征。为推进单原子催化剂在环境催化领域中的应用,本文综述了单原子的主要制备方法和常规表征手段以及单原子催化剂在环境催化中应用的典型案例,并对单原子催化剂在环境催化中的应用将面临的挑战进行了展望。