两相厌氧发酵互花米草的特性

利用两相(固态水解酸化相+湿式发酵产甲烷相)发酵互花米草,通过尿素的添加来调整厌氧发酵互花米草的碳氮比,考察两相厌氧发酵互花米草的特性;并利用FTIR考察水解发酵前后互花米草结构的变化.研究结果表明,由于固态水解渗滤液对尿素的淋滤,产生高浓度的氨氮溶液,抑制了湿式发酵产甲烷反应器中的甲烷菌;通过53 d的两相发酵互花米草,单位挥发性固体(VS)累积产气量仅为98.6 mL.g-1(0℃),转化率是理论产气量的17.5%;游离性氨(FA)浓度超过55 mg.L-1,就会严重抑制高温甲烷菌;红外光谱分析表明,石灰堆沤预处理对互花米草结构改变较小;只有大幅度的强化预处理,才能显著提高互花米草发酵的产气量.     

除草剂绿草定-2-丁氧基乙酯的降解特性及降解机制研究

按照《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》的规定并参考美国EPA导则,采用室内模拟试验方法,研究了绿草定-2-丁氧基乙酯在环境中的降解特性.结果表明,25℃时绿草定-2-丁氧基乙酯在pH =4、7、9缓冲溶液中的水解半衰期分别为533 d、21.8 d、＜1 d;高温、碱性条件下绿草定-2-丁氧基乙酯极易水解,其水解反应速率随反应介质pH值的增大、反应温度的升高而增大;初步确定绿草定-2-丁氧基乙酯分子在水溶液中生成的水解产物主要是绿草定.绿草定-2-丁氧基乙酯在土壤中迅速降解,酸性土壤中其降解趋势遵循一级动力学模型,中性和碱性土壤中其降解动态不能用一级动力学模型进行简单的拟合;绿草定-2-丁氧基乙酯在土壤中的降解形式主要为化学水解作用,降解生成绿草定和丁氧基乙醇;土壤pH和有机质含量是影响其土壤降解速率的主要因素,pH和有机质含量越高,其土壤降解速率越快.在人工光源氙灯条件下,绿草定-2-丁氧基乙酯在水溶液和土壤表面的光化学降解均符合一级动力学反应,不同介质对绿草定-2-丁氧基乙酯光解的影响差异显著.     

聚硅氧烷添加剂的合成研究

聚烷氧基硅氧烷一般是由正硅酸甲酯或正硅酸乙酯水解缩聚制得.选择了反应活性小,水解速度较易控制的正硅酸乙酯,制备了稳定的聚乙氧基硅氧烷.简要介绍了正硅酸乙酯水解缩聚的反应机理,分析了水用量和催化剂用量对合成反应以及产物的影响.     

微波诱导水解法制备纳米TiO_2及光催化降解盐酸四环素

采用微波诱导水解法快速制备了纳米TiO_2光催化剂,通过XRD、TEM、SEM、BET和EDS技术对其进行了表征。该方法可在10 min内制备出平均粒径约7.5 nm的锐钛矿相纳米TiO_2。采用该催化剂(加入量0.5 g/L)对盐酸四环素(TC,100 mg/L)进行紫外光催化降解,40 min时降解率高达92.9%,60 min时TOC去除率为81.7%,明显优于市售P25纳米TiO_2。这主要归功于所制备纳米TiO_2表面残留的有机物提高了光生电子-空穴对的分离能力,以及纳米粒子的小尺寸效应和较大的比表面积。溶液p H为9时TC的降解率更高。该催化剂具有较好的光催化稳定性。活性基团捕获实验表明,纳米TiO_2光催化降解TC过程中空穴起主要作用。     

水解－好氧法处理含硫废水的研究

采用水解－好氧法处理炼油过程中产生的含硫废水。试验结果表明：经过此工艺处理后的出水COD、氨氮、硫化物、酚分别为118.5mg/L、29.4mg/L、0.0mg/L和0.50mg/L,相应的去除率分别为90.4％、56.6％、100％和99.3％,出水水质达到国家有关排放标准。同时,设计独特的三相好氧床不仅能有较高的硝化能力,而且无剩余污泥排放。因此,可以省略剩余污泥的处理过程     

Differences in the quality of steamed hull-less barley and wheat cakes北大核心CSCD

In this study, three different hull-less barley varieties were used to prepare steamed cakes, and their nutritional value, sensory qualities, textural properties, and in vitro starch hydrolysis were evaluated. The results showed that the contents of total dietary fiber (4.50%-5.12%), β-glucan (2.96%-3.96%), total flavonoids (12.56-38.73 mg/100 g), and γ-aminobutyric acid (5.08-9.53 mg/100 g) in the steamed hull-less barley cakes were significantly higher than that in the steamed wheat cake, which were 0.65%, 0.23%, 3.93 mg/(100 g), and 2.63 mg/(100 g), respectively. The sensory properties of steamed ordinary hull-less barley and wheat cakes were not significantly different, but the steamed 08-1127 (waxy hull-less barley) cake was softer and out of shape. The springiness, resilience, cohesiveness, gumminess, and adhesiveness of steamed ordinary hull-less barley cakes were similar to those of steamed wheat cake, while those of steamed 08-1127 cakes were significantly lower than those of steamed ordinary hull-less barley cakes. Steamed hull-less barley cake also showed a maximum starch hydrolysis rate (38.76%-42.74%) that was lower than that of steamed wheat cake (49.92%), and the contents of rapidly (11.58%-13.16%) and slowly digested starch (5.34%-7.56%) were lower than that of steamed wheat cake (17.21% and 15.97%, respectively). In addition, the glycemic (59.37-61.67) and hydrolysis indexes (35.82-40.00) were lower than those of steamed wheat cake (76.66 and 67.30, respectively), and the contents of resistant starch (2.74%-3.55%) were higher than those of wheat steamed cake (1.68%). Therefore, the steamed cakes of ordinary hull-less barley had a higher content of nutritional components than the steamed cake of wheat, and the in vitro starch hydrolysis parameters were better than those of steamed wheat cake. When it is necessary to consider both nutritional and sensory qualities, ordinary hull-less barley can be selected as the raw material for steamed cakes, but waxy hull-less barley is not suitable for making steamed cakes. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

三种丙烯菊酯系列产品的光解和水解稳定性

研究了富右旋反式丙烯菊酯、Es-生物丙烯菊酯、右旋丙烯菊酯 3种丙烯菊酯系列农药在水体中的光解以及不同温度、pH条件水体中的水解作用。结果表明 ,在 5 0 0W氙灯下 ,3种菊酯类农药在水溶液中的光解均呈一级动力学反应 ,3种农药的光解半衰期分别为 1.84 ,1.37和 1.5 1h ;在 2 5℃的酸性水溶液中 ,3种农药的水解速率很慢 ,半衰期均大于 16 2d ;水温的升高与碱性的增强均能加速水解过程。在 5 0℃的碱性水溶液中 ,3种农药的光解半衰期分别为 0 .2 1,0 .2 2和 0 .18d。虽然 3种丙烯菊酯异构体含量不同 ,但其光解、水解特性没有显著差别。本文对有关水解机理也作了初步分析。     

污水的水解（酸化）——好氧生物处理工艺

介绍了水解（酸化）过程的原理、影响因素、判断指标、动力学过程,以及与好氧生物处理技术串联处理污水工艺的优点。水解（酸化）－好氧工艺可有效地用于城市污水和难降解工业废水的处理,对水解（酸化）过程进行优化,使其串联系统更有效。     

Resource utilization of wasted black pulping liquor for biodiesel production by Scenedesmus obliquus

The possibility of application of black liquor for oil-riched algae cultivation is inspected. The results show that after ligin removal and enzymatic hydrolysis, the hydrolysate of black liquor contained 9.18 g L^?1 of reducing sugar. When the hydrolysate was used for Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus) cultivation, a 1.23 g L^?1, 24.52%, and 23.20 mg L^?1d^?1 was obtained for growth yield, oil content, and the lipid productivity, seperately. The hemicellulose was extracted from black liquor and hydrolyzed. With addition of 3 g L^?1 yeast extract, the growth yield of S. obliquus in hemicellulose hydrolysate increased to 2.7 g L^?1, an increase of 26.8% than that of in glucose medium, oil content was 25.7% and the final lipid productivity reached 53.37 mg L^?1d^?1. The results indicate that black liquor can not be directly used by microalgae, but with approprate treatment, the carbohydrate of it could be recovered and uitilized for the oil production from microalgae.     

水解酸化－缺氧－好氧工艺降解5－甲基异恶唑－3－甲酰胺废水中试研究

首先通过小试试验对好氧工艺、厌氧工艺处理酰胺废水进行研究,然后进行水解酸化－缺氧－好氧工艺中试试验,发现水解酸化工艺将好氧反应器对COD去除效率从67％提高到85％,降低了酰胺物对好氧污泥的毒性。水质波动对水解酸化反应器的影响比对缺氧好氧反应器的影响大,增加搅拌时间有助于提高水解酸化反应器对进水水质的抗冲击能力。同时对活性污泥处理酰胺废水过程中容易引发泡沫的问题进行了初步探讨,通过水解酸化工艺可以降解部分表面活性物质,降低了泡沫产生量。