砷化氢-硝酸银分光光度法测定海水中痕量砷的研究

总结了砷化氢 -硝酸银分光光度法测定海水中痕量 As的分析条件和技术参数 ,提出了测定海水样必须向反应瓶中加入适量消泡剂 ,并给出一种理想的硼氢化钾片剂制备方法。砷含量为 0 .0～ 2 0 .0μg/L的范围内线性良好 ,工作曲线为 y=0 .0 2 2 1x -0 .0 0 0 7,相关系数为 0 .9994,方法检出限为 0 .3 8μg/L ,标准参考物质的测定值与保证值 (A± U )符合良好。大批量海水样品分析空白 Ab<0 .0 15、平行测定合格率为 93 .3 %、加标回收合格率为 89.0 %。     

贵溪冷水坑银矿田银元素富集规律研究

贵溪冷水坑银矿田具超大型规模,矿化型式多样,主要有产于花岗斑岩体内及接触带附近的斑岩型矿化和产于上侏罗统打鼓顶组火山岩中层控叠改型矿化二大类。它们各自拥有不同的空间展布、矿物组成、结构构造、围岩蚀变和伴生元素特征。深入探讨银元素的空间分布特征,可以开拓矿田深部及外围找矿的思路。     

银铜复合废料回收工艺研究

针对银铜复合废料回收的必要性，及国内外对银铜复合废料分离回收现状，实验研究了一套完整的银铜分离回收工艺，该工艺具有高效、简便、低成本、少污染等优点，铜回收率达99．7％，银回收率大于99．9％，回收铜、银的纯度高于99．9％。     

CODcr无汞盐分析方法的探讨及废液处理

对ＣＯＤ重铬酸钾回流法中的主要干扰离子，氯化物的消除，选择了用硫酸银代替硫酸汞做掩蔽剂。通过对比实验，分析结果无显著差别。回收率在９５％～１０６％之间。对ＣＯＤ废液中的硫酸银，采用铁线置换法回收金属银，进行循环使用，降低了分析费用，减小了环境污染。     

安徽铜陵鸡冠石银(金)矿床地质地球化学特征

鸡冠石银 (金 )矿床是铜陵地区一个具中型规模的银 (金 )矿床 ,在整个长江中、下游地区都有其代表性。矿床分四个主要成矿阶段 :夕卡岩阶段、氧化物 -硫化物阶段、石英 -硫化物阶段和石英多金属硫化物-碳酸盐阶段。对矿床的微量元素分析结果表明 ,独立的银、金矿物和含Au、Ag低的硫化物、含Ag硫盐矿物 ,主要形成于热液成矿期中晚阶段 ;矿床的轻、重稀土元素总浓度比值与辉石二长闪长岩相近 ,反映出二者的同源特征 ;稳定同位素和流体包裹体成分分析结果 ,反映出该矿床以岩浆热液为主的成因标志 ;成矿热液以岩浆水为主 ,但在成矿晚期有大气降水和地层成分加入 ;成矿流体为NaCl-KCl -H2 O体系 ;矿床成因属夕卡岩 -中低温热液充填 -交代型矿床     

电解退镀法退除金银镀层废件中的金和银

应用电解退镀法退除金银复镀层，金镀层和镀层废件中金和银。结果表明，浓硫酸－脂肪醇体系中，最佳退镀条件为电解电压８Ｖ，脂肪醇添加量１５ｇ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４，搅拌后退镀液呈紊流态，Ｒｅ为２８８０。退镀后金主要存在于固相沉淀物中，其含量在９３％以上，而银存在于固相沉淀物和溶液中，它在两相中的分配比依不同镀层种类而异。     

银纳米线复合静电纺丝膜终端饮用水处理装置电化学消毒效能研究

终端饮用水电化学消毒装置是分散式饮用水安全的重要保障,其关键技术是过滤膜.本研究采用静电纺丝法和真空过滤沉积法制备了新型银纳米线-聚丙烯腈/热塑性聚氨酯(AgNWs-PAN/TPU)复合膜,并对复合膜的形貌、机械强度和导电性等进行了表征.同时,构建了电化学消毒装置,通过对模拟水样的过滤和电化学消毒实验,考察了复合膜长期运行的杀菌性能、膜通量、膜形貌及总银离子释放变化,评估了复合膜的消毒效果.结果表明,电纺纳米纤维膜基材具有均匀的直径和增强的机械性能.银纳米线嵌入到PAN/TPU电纺纳米纤维膜的表面构建了一个连接的导电网络,具有很好的机械性能、导电性、电化学性能及银负载稳定性.经过10 d的自来水过滤实验,AgNWs-PAN/TPU复合膜膜通量下降了4.8%,保持了99.99%的灭菌效率;经过10 d的10~5CFU·mL~(-1)大肠杆菌水样运行实验,膜通量下降了35.31%,经5 min反冲洗能够恢复98%的膜通量,可保留99%以上的细菌灭活效率.AgNWs-PAN/TPU复合膜的银负载稳定性好,总银离子释放量在30μg·L~(-1)以下的安全范围;纳米纤维膜表面在长期水力冲刷下变得粗糙,机械强度略有减弱.本研究为高导电性缓释银离子纳米银复合纤维膜杀菌材料的研发及其在终端饮用水消毒的应用提供了科学依据.     

Silver nanoparticles tolerant bacteria from sewage environment

Silver nanoparticle (SNP) is a threat to soil, water and human health. Protection of environment from silver nanoparticles is a major concern. A sewage isolate, Bacillus pumilus treated with SNPs showed similar growth kinetics to that without nanoparticles. A reduction in the amount of exopolysaccharides was observed after SNPs – B. pumilus culture supernatant interaction. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) peaks for the exopolysaccharides extracted from the bacterial culture supernatant and the interacted SNPs were almost similar. The exopolysaccharide capping of the SNPs was confirmed by UV-Visible, FT-IR and X-ray di raction analysis. The study of bacterial exopolysaccharides capped SNPs with E. coli, S. aureus and M. luteus showed less toxicity compared to uncoated SNPs. Our studies suggested that the capping of nanoparticles by bacterially produced exopolysaccharides serve as the probable mechanism of tolerance.     

Sorption and cosorption of the nonionic herbicide mefenacet and heavy metals on soil and its components

Sorption and cosorption of the nonionic herbicide mefenacet and two typical metals (copper and silver) on black soil and its components (kaolinite and humic acid) were investigated. It was found that because of their different valences and properties, Cu²⁺and Ag⁺ presented different effects on the sorption of mefenacet. Due to the competition of Cu²⁺, along with the shells of dense water formed by its surface complexation, for sorption surface area with mefenacet, the addition of Cu²⁺ decreased the sorption amount of mefenacet on soil and its components, especially on humic acid. However, the addition of Ag⁺ significantly enhanced the sorption of mefenacet, which was attributed to the softness of the cation that weakened the hydrophilicity of the local region around Ag⁺-complexed functionalities, and thus mitigated the competitive sorption of water. In addition, the sorption of mefenacet on soil with or without the two metals was generally decreased with increasing pH, which was caused by the hydrolysis of carbonyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of the sorbents, π-π interaction between mefenacet and the soil organic matter, and so on. On the other hand, the presence of mefenacet seemed to have little effect on the sorption of Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺, indicating that Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺ might be sorbed strongly on the tested sorbents and the mefenacet added was too low in concentration to affect the sorption of the metals.     

鲢鱼联合常规水处理工艺除藻特性

将鲢鱼引入到某水厂预沉池中用以去除藻类,并对该水厂从原水到滤后水中藻类种类和数量进行监测.结果表明,鲢鱼对水华微囊藻可进行有效滤食,但对单细胞绿藻滤食效果不佳,从而导致预沉池出水中水华微囊藻数量和比例大幅下降,使单细胞绿藻获得了更大的生长优势.预加氯对叶绿素a氧化作用显著.混凝沉淀过程对杆状藻类去除明显,具有较长突起尖刺的藻类会阻碍混凝沉淀效果.少量个体较小和突起物带有尖刺的藻类能够深入滤池.当原水中微囊藻浓度较高时,鲢鱼联合常规水处理工艺能够对藻类实现较为彻底的去除.