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141.
重金属对大麦(Hordeum vulgare)毒性的研究 总被引:133,自引:1,他引:133
研究了6种重金属(Hg2+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+)对大麦幼苗生长及根尖细胞遗传学毒害作用.结果表明,随着重金属浓度的增加和处理时间的延长,大麦种子的萌发率、根生长速率和有丝分裂指数下降.1×10-2mol/L的Hg2+、Cd2+、Pb2+处理24h后完全抑制了细胞分裂,Hg2+、Cd2+和Pb2+诱发的染色体畸变率显著高于Ni2+、Cu2+和Zn2+.用5×10-3—5×10-4mol/L的Hg2+、Cd2+、Pb2+处理24h和Ni2+处理48h后,核仁结构发生分解,形成许多核仁颗粒并进入细胞质中,而Cu2+、Zn2+对核仁结构没有影响.6种重金属对大麦的细胞遗传学毒性顺序为Hg2+>Cd2+>Pb2+>Ni2+>Cu2+>Zn2+.文中还讨论了重金属对植物细胞的毒害机理. 相似文献
142.
纳米银(Ag NPs)和硝酸银(AgNO_3)的毒性研究已成为环境科学的焦点问题之一。毒性测试时LB培养基中的Cl~-势必会对Ag~+的毒性产生影响。为了探究Cl~-对Ag~+的溶解态及毒性的影响,计算了常温(25℃)和试验条件(37℃)下含1%NaCl的LB培养基中Ag Cl1-xx各组分的生成量及在体系中所占比例,测定了不同NaCl质量分数的LB培养基中AgNO_3对革兰氏阳性菌(B.subtilis)和阴性菌(E.coli)的毒性。结果表明,AgNO_3在含NaCl体系中溶解态银主要为Ag Cl1-xx,而Ag~+未达到有毒的浓度,且随NaCl质量分数增加,AgNO_3的毒性不断增大。因此认为毒性试验中实际发挥毒性作用的是Ag Cl1-xx,尤其是Ag Cl~-2。 相似文献
143.
Ahmad Fudholi B. Bakhtyar Habibis Saleh Mohd Hafidz Ruslan Mohd Yusof Othman Kamaruzzaman Sopian 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(11):1135-1144
This study investigated the thin-layer drying kinetics of salted silver jewfish in a hybrid solar drying system and under open sun. Ten drying models were compared with experimental data of salted silver jewfish drying. A new model was introduced, which is an offset linear logarithmic (offset modified Page model). The fit quality of the models was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and sum of squared absolute error (SSAE). The result showed that Midilli et al. model and new model were comparable with two or three-term exponential drying models. This study also analyzed energy and exergy during solar drying of salted silver jewfish. Energy analysis throughout the solar drying process was estimated on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics, whereas exergy analysis during solar drying was determined on the basis of the second law of thermodynamics. At an average solar radiation of 540 W/m2 and a mass flow rate of 0.0778 kg/sec, the collector efficiency and drying system efficiency were about 41% and 23%, respectively. Specific energy consumption was 2.92 kWh/kg. Moreover, the exergy efficiency during solar drying process ranged from 17% to 44%, with an average value of 31%. The values of improvement potential varied between 106 and 436 W, with an average of 236 W. 相似文献
144.
This study investigated the dissolution, aggregation, and reaction kinetics of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with the three types of water disinfectants (ultraviolet, sodium hypochlorite, and ozone) under the different conditions of pH, ionic strength, or humic acid (HA). The physicochemical changes of AgNPs were measured by using UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The results showed that when AgNPs contacted the disinfectants, oxidative dissolution was the primary reaction. In addition, the reaction kinetics studies revealed that the reaction rate of AgNPs with disinfectants was significantly influenced by different disinfectants along with different pH and the presence of sodium nitrate and HA. Our research demonstrated the potential effect of disinfectants on AgNPs, which will improve our understanding of the fate of AgNPs in the disinfection processes in the water and wastewater treatment plant. 相似文献
145.
Katarzyna A. Wolny-Koładka 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(11):864-870
This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of Fusarium spp. strains isolated from cereals to selected heavy metals, fungicides and silver nanoparticles. The experiments were conducted using 50 Fusarium strains belonging to five species: F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides and F. avenaceum. The strains were found to be highly resistant to Pb2+ and Zn2+. Medium resistance to Cu2+ and Mn2+ and low resistance to Cd2+ and Fe3+ was also observed. Among the tested fungicides, formulations containing azoxystrobin, prochloraz and tebuconazole proved to be the most effective in inhibiting the growth of fungi, as they affected fungal growth in each of the applied doses. Susceptibility of Fusarium spp. to nanosilver, demonstrated in this study, shows the legitimacy of using nanostructures as fungicidal agents. The results confirm high diversity of the analyzed fungal species in terms of susceptibility to the tested substances, and encourage to continue research on the resistance of Fusarium spp. to various fungicidal agents. 相似文献
146.
沉淀-电解法回收COD分析废液中的银 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用沉淀-电解法从COD分析废液中回收银。首先将废液中银沉淀析出,制成高浓度含银电解液,然后以不锈钢作阴、阳极,在极距10mm、电流密度0.28A/dm ̄2条件下进行电解,回收废液中银。该方法操作简便,银回收率为95%以上,纯度达99.5%以上。 相似文献
147.
148.
郎庆成 《再生资源与循环经济》2011,4(10):35-37
针对海波定影液体系中还原铁粉置换还原银,并生成致密产物层的液、固两相反应,建立了更一般情形的动力学方程,并给出其精确解。方程中Piling因子非限定,且定影液银浓度和还原铁粉几何面积随时间变化。应用此动力学方程处理液、固两相反应,比以往研究中的动力学方程更加准确、合理。该方程在原则上也适用于气、固两相反应。 相似文献
149.
Aneesh Pasrich Sant Lal Jangr Nahar Singh Neeraj Dilbaghi K. N. Soo Kanupriya Aror Renu Pasricha 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(5):852-859
Nano silver (Agn) is employed as an active antimicrobial agent, but the environmental impact of Agn released from commercial products is unknown. The quantity of nanomaterial released from consumer products during use should be determined to assess the environmental risks of advancement of nanotechnology. This work investigated the amount of silver released from three different types of fabric into water during washing. Three different types of fabric were loaded with chemically synthesized Ag nanoparticles and washed repeatedly under simulated washing conditions. Variable leaching rates among fabric types suggest that the manufacturing process may control the release of silver reaching the waste water treatment plants. In an attempt to recover the Agn for reutilization and to save it from polluting water, the effluents from the wash were efficiently treated with bacterial strains. This treatment was based on biosorption and was very efficient for the elimination of silver nanoparticles in the wash water. The process ensured the recovery of the Agn leached into the effluent for reutilization, thus preventing environmental repercussions. 相似文献
150.
To evaluate the potential environmental effects of engineered nano metals, it is important to determine the adverse effects of various nanomaterials on aquatic species. Adult tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) were maintained in 10 L glass aquaria, and exposed to a graded series of synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) at 25, 50 and 75 mg/L for eight days. The LC50 value was 12.6 mg/L. Reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of antioxidants were lowered in the gills and liver of fishes treated with Ag-NPs, which resulted in heavy accumulation of free radicals. Histopathological results imply that the balance between the oxidative and antioxidant system in the fish was broken down during Ag-NPs exposure. The principal concern related with the release of nanomaterials and their smaller particle may change the materials transport and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms compared to larger particles. 相似文献