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941.
Foltête AS Masfaraud JF Bigorgne E Nahmani J Chaurand P Botta C Labille J Rose J Férard JF Cotelle S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2515-2522
Mineral sunscreen nanocomposites, based on a nano-TiO2 core, coated with aluminium hydroxide and dimethicone films, were submitted to an artificial ageing process. The resulting Altered TiO2 Nanocomposites (ATN) were then tested in the liquid phase on the plant model Vicia faba, which was exposed 48 h to three nominal concentrations: 5, 25 and 50 mg ATN/L. Plant growth, photosystem II maximum quantum yield, genotoxicity (micronucleus test) and phytochelatins levels showed no change compared to controls. Oxidative stress biomarkers remained unchanged in shoots while in roots, glutathione reductase activity decreased at 50 mg ATN/L and ascorbate peroxidase activity decreased for 5 and 25 mg ATN/L. Nevertheless, despite the weak response of biological endpoints, ICP-MS measurements revealed high Ti and Al concentrations in roots, and X-ray fluorescence micro-spectroscopy revealed titanium internalization in superficial root tissues. Eventual long-term effects on plants may occur. 相似文献
942.
943.
基于过渡金属离子掺杂技术,制备了在室内光辐照条件下具有良好光催化抗菌性能的可见光响应型铁掺杂TiO2光催化涂料.研究结果表明,在可见光活性光催化涂料中添加1%的纳米TiO2时,抗菌效果最好,光照24 h后对大肠杆菌、白色念珠球菌、黑曲霉的杀菌率分别达到99.9%、97.2%、82%.采用致孔剂聚乙二醇6 000对光催化... 相似文献
944.
945.
Gal F Joublin F Haas H Jean-Prost V Ruffier V 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(2):107-118
The south east basin of France shelters deep CO2 reservoirs often studied with the aim of better constraining geological CO2 storage operations. Here we present new soil gas data, completing an existing dataset (CO2, 222Rn, 4He), together with mineralogical and physical characterisations of soil columns, in an attempt to better understand the spatial distribution of gas concentrations in the soils and to rule on the sealed character of the CO2 reservoir at present time.Anomalous gas concentrations were found but did not appear to be clearly related to geological structures that may drain deep gases up to the surface, implying a dominant influence of near surface processes as indicated by carbon isotope ratios. Coarse grained, quartz-rich soils favoured the existence of high CO2 concentrations. Fine grained clayey soils preferentially favoured the existence of 222Rn but not CO2. Soil formations did not act as barriers preventing gas migrations in soils, either due to water content or due to mineralogical composition. No abundant leakage from the Montmiral reservoir can be highlighted by the measurements, even near the exploitation well. As good correlation between CO2 and 222Rn concentrations still exist, it is suggested that 222Rn migration is also CO2 dependent in non-leaking areas - diffusion dominated systems. 相似文献
946.
Combined effects of titanium dioxide and humic acid on the bioaccumulation of cadmium in Zebrafish 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Hu X Chen Q Jiang L Yu Z Jiang D Yin D 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(5):1151-1158
The combined effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and humic acid (HA) on the bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd) in Zebrafish were investigated. Experimental data on the equilibrium Cd bioaccumulation suggest that only the dissolved Cd effectively contributed to Cd bioaccumulation in HA solutions whereas both the dissolved and TiO2 associated Cd were accumulated in TiO2 or the mixture of HA and TiO2 solutions, due likely to the additional intestine uptake of the TiO2-bound Cd. The equilibrium Cd bioaccumulation in the mixed system was comparable to that in the corresponding HA solutions, and significantly lower than that in the corresponding TiO2 solutions (n = 3, p < 0.05). The presence of either HA or TiO2 (5-20 mg L−1) in water slightly increased the uptake rate constants of Cd bioaccumulation whereas combining HA and TiO2 reduced the uptake rate constants. 相似文献
947.
Pleijel H 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(4):897-902
This study considered effects of reduced [O3] on wheat yield. Open-top chamber charcoal filtered air treatments were compared with non-filtered treatments for field-grown wheat. 30 experiments meeting requirements were found, representing nine countries in North America, Europe and Asia. 26 experiments reported improved yield and 4 experiments reduced yield by filtration, a significant positive effect. Average yield improvement was 9%. Average daytime [O3] was reduced by filtration from 35 to 13 nmol mol−1. Filtration efficiency was 63% for O3 and 56% for SO2. For NOx it was observed that NO2 was reduced and NO increased by filtration. Thus, filters convert NO2 to NO. Most experiments reported low or very low [SO2] and [NOx]. Thus, O3 can be concluded to be the main phytotoxic component in the experiments. Elevated [NO2] was observed in one experiment. The conclusion is that current [O3] over large parts of the world adversely affect wheat yield. 相似文献
948.
During the last two decades, the importance of sulphur dioxide as a pollutant has moved away from its association with suspended particulate matter, to it being a precursor of SO
4
2-
aerosol (acidic e.g. sulphuric acid, or neutralised e.g. ammonium sulphate). Co-located concentration data of sulphur dioxide and SO
4
2-
, at nine monitoring sites situated in predominantly rural areas in the United Kingdom, collected over the time period 1979–1995, have been analysed. The time series for both species are discussed for the sites. Further analysis has shown that there is a degree of correlation between sulphur dioxide and SO
4
2-
for most of the sites considered. This correlation is of approximately the same level for most of the sites taken independently and together, and in most cases the slopes and intercepts associated with the simple empirical model equations arising from the correlation analysis, are of the same order of magnitude. The implementation of these site-dependent model equations within dispersion models for the prediction of the concentration of airborne sulphate aerosol from knowledge of sulphur dioxide concentration is discussed. Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed the influence of transported sulphate aerosol on the local concentration, especially during high concentration episodes. 相似文献
949.
Coal is not only an important energy source in China but also a major source of air pollution. Because of this, China’s national
sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions have been the highest in the world for many years, and since the 1990s, the territory of China’s south and southwest
has become the third largest acid-rain-prone region in the world. In order to control SO2 emissions, the Chinese government has formulated and promulgated a series of policies and regulations, but it faces great
difficulties in putting them into practice. In this retrospective look at the history of SO2 control in China, we found that Chinese SO2 control policies have become increasingly strict and rigid. We also found that the environmental policies and regulations
are more effective when central officials consistently give environmental protection top priority. Achieving China’s environmental
goals, however, has been made difficult by China’s economic growth. Part of this is due to the practice of environmental protection
appearing in the form of an ideological “campaign” or “storm” that lacks effective economic measures. More recently, better
enforcement of environmental laws and regulations has been achieved by adding environmental quality to the performance assessment
metrics for leaders at all levels. To continue making advances, China needs to reinforce the economic and environmental assessments
for pollution control projects and work harder to integrate economic measures into environmental protection. Nonetheless,
China has a long way to go before economic growth and environmental protection are balanced. 相似文献
950.
Stability of titania nanoparticles in soil suspensions and transport in saturated homogeneous soil columns 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jing Fang Bei Wen Jin-ming Lin 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(4):1101-1109
The stability of TiO2 nanoparticles in soil suspensions and their transport behavior through saturated homogeneous soil columns were studied. The results showed that TiO2 could remain suspended in soil suspensions even after settling for 10 days. The suspended TiO2 contents in soil suspensions after 24 h were positively correlated with the dissolved organic carbon and clay content of the soils, but were negatively correlated with ionic strength, pH and zeta potential. In soils containing soil particles of relatively large diameters and lower solution ionic strengths, a significant portion of the TiO2 (18.8-83.0%) readily passed through the soils columns, while TiO2 was significantly retained by soils with higher clay contents and salinity. TiO2 aggregate sizes in the column outflow significantly increased after passing through the soil columns. The estimated transport distances of TiO2 in some soils ranged from 41.3 to 370 cm, indicating potential environmental risk of TiO2 nanoparticles to deep soil layers. 相似文献