废旧线路板次氯酸盐法浸金的实验研究

研究了酸性条件NaClO-HCl和碱性条件NaClO-NaOH下浸出废旧线路板中的金.通过正交设计优化实验比较发现,NaClO-NaOH碱性体系浸金较有优势,其最佳的浸金条件为NaClO浓度6 mol/L,NaOH浓度8 mol/L,固液比l∶6,反应时间40 min,金的浸出率可达到94.5%.次氯酸盐浸金具有浸金效...     

氨氮浓度对次氯酸钠消毒中水的影响

研究了氨氮浓度对次氯酸钠消毒中水的影响,讨论了中水氨氮浓度、氯胺浓度、总余氯浓度、消毒接触时间和总大肠菌群指标的变化关系。结果表明,氨氮随消毒接触时间呈先降低再升高的趋势,中水氨氮浓度越高,其变化幅度越小,反之,则变化幅度较大;氯胺浓度随消毒接触时间的延长先升高再降低,而总余氯量则逐渐降低,并有一定的持续消毒作用;此外,总余氯随次氯酸钠投加量的增加呈先升高后降低再逐渐升高的趋势,整个反应过程符合折点加氯消毒理论;当次氯酸钠投加量与氨氮的比值（以后简称C1／N）为25／1时,氨氮消耗掉的次氯酸钠量最多,生成的总余氯量最少;当C1／N比大于25／1时,消毒后中水氨氮浓度为零,反之,则随C1／N比升高逐渐降低;而当氨氮浓度相同时,中水消毒达标的主要影响因素是水中总大肠菌群的数量。     

Synthesis and pesticidal activity of new N-alkyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl]amines

A series of novel N-alkyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl]amines were synthesized as potential new agents to control pests. Their structures were confirmed on the basis of IR, NMR and elemental analyses. Six new N-alkyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl]amines were prepared by reduction of corresponding Schiff bases using sodium borohydride in 80–87 % yields. These compounds were tested for their antifungal activity against two pathogenic fungi viz., Rhizoctonia bataticola ITCC 0482 and Sclerotium rolfsii ITCC 5226 and for insecticidal activity against insects of stored grain pest Callosobruchus analis. Fungicidal bioassay revealed that compound N-Decyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine, was highly effective against R. bataticola (ED₅₀ 6.86 mg L^?1) which was comparable with that of commercial fungicide hexaconazole (ED₅₀ 6.35 mg L^?1). Also compounds N-Heptyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine, N-Octyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine and N-Nonyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine displayed promising fungitoxicity against same pathogen. However, compound N-Heptyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine was also found to be effective against S. rolfsii (ED₅₀ 4.92 mg L^?1 as against 1.27 mg L^?1 for hexaconazole). Compound N-Hexyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine was most effective as insecticide followed by compound N-Octyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine. LC₅₀ values for these compounds were 155.0 and 275.0 mg L^?1 respectively as against 36.70 mg L^?1 for commercial insecticide dichlorovos. The results obtained from bioassays indicate that this class of compounds can be utilized for the design of new substances endowed with pesticidal activities.     

K+对肝素钠废水厌氧生物处理中污泥性能的影响

以肝素钠生产废水为研究对象,研究了不同盐浓度下K+对厌氧污泥性能的影响。实验结果表明:在ρ(NaCl)小于8000mg/L的低盐浓度条件下,K+对污泥的解抑作用不明显;在ρ(NaCl)大于16000mg/L的高盐浓度条件下,K+对污泥表现出解抑作用。ρ(NaCl)为24000mg/L、K+加入量为60mg/L时,COD去除率、产气量和甲烷体积分数相比空白对照组分别提高了17.1%、43.3%和71.8%,氨化率变化不大,均在32%左右。     

一株耐铬不动杆菌对十二烷基硫酸钠的降解特性

研究醋酸钙不动杆菌H1的降解广谱性时,发现其能在高浓度十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)环境中生长。经过对菌株H1降解特性研究,结果表明,该菌利用SDS的最适温度为30℃,最适pH为7.0,最适接种量为2%,并适应低渗透压环境。当SDS浓度低于400 mg/L时,菌株H1对SDS的降解率在85%以上,且在SDS浓度为400 mg/L时,达到最大降解率94%。当K2Cr2O7为500 mg/L时,菌株H1对SDS的降解率仍达到50%左右。添加酵母浸出物可促进SDS的降解。     

碳纳米管-海藻酸钠复合吸附材料的制备及其对高浓度Cr（Ⅲ）的吸附

以碳纳米管（CNTs）和海藻酸钠（SA）为主要原料,制备了环境友好型的复合吸附材料——CNTs-SA。采用TEM和FTIR技术对吸附材料进行了表征,并采用静态法考察了溶液pH、吸附时间、原料固液比（m（CNTs）∶V（SA））等因素对CNTs-SA吸附Cr（Ⅲ）的影响。表征结果显示,CNTs-SA表面引入了更多的—COOH和—CO基团,导致其吸附Cr（Ⅲ）的效果较CNTs有了显著的提高。实验结果表明：在室温、初始Cr（Ⅲ）质量浓度4 000 mg/L、CNTs-SA加入量21 mg/mL、溶液pH 5、吸附时间3 h、m（CNTs）∶V（SA）=1.0 mg/mL的条件下,CNTs-SA对Cr（Ⅲ）的吸附量为120 mg/g,Cr（Ⅲ）去除率为61.5%;Freundlich等温吸附方程适合描述CNTs-SA对Cr（Ⅲ）的吸附行为。     

十三烷基苯磺酸钠和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚二元复配溶液的定量分析

采用向十三烷基苯磺酸钠（STBS）和非离子表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OP-10）二元复配溶液中添加β-环糊精（β-CD）的方法,降低STBS和OP-10之间定量检测时的相互干扰。实验结果表明：添加β-CD时,可提高STBS的检测准确性,降低STBS对OP-10的检测干扰;在二元复配溶液中,STBS和OP-10的方法回收率分别在100.8%~102.0%,97.4%~102.2%之间,检测误差分别在2.0%和2.6%以内;Cl^-,SO₄^2-,Na⁺,Ca²⁺的存在对二元复配溶液中STBS和OP-10的检测干扰可忽略;将该方法应用于地层水水样中,仍可准确定量分析STBS和OP-10的含量。     

乙醇溶析结晶法从白炭黑废母液中回收硫酸钠

以乙醇为溶析剂,通过过滤—中和—蒸馏浓缩—溶析结晶等工序,从白炭黑废母液中回收硫酸钠。考察了硫酸钠回收效果的影响因素,并进行了热能消耗和处理成本的分析。实验结果表明：乙醇的加入量对硫酸钠溶解度和蒸馏浓缩过程有着显著影响;在蒸馏醇水比（乙醇与中性废母液的体积比）为0.27,浓缩废母液中硫酸钠质量浓度为69.27 g/L,溶析醇水比（乙醇与浓缩废母液的体积比）为1的最佳工艺条件下,白炭黑废母液中硫酸钠的一次回收率可达69.94%,硫酸钠产品的纯度达到97.3%。     

Online Water Monitoring Method as a Water Security Tool: A Feasibility View

Since the tragic event on September 11, 2001 (9/11), homeland security has been the center of major attention not only in the United States but also around the world. Among homeland security agenda, more concerns on drinking water system have been drawn into the forefront attention from the public and water industry. Governmental agencies have been called upon to strongly protect the water resources from becoming a possible terror target. The online monitoring of a water system offers the potential to reduce the possible danger from a terrorist contamination as well as from unintentional chemical spills. As potential terrorist contaminants, seven chemical compounds (aldicarb, cycloheximide, dicrotophos, nicotine, sodium arsenate, sodium cyanide, and sodium fluoroacetate) were studied at different doses, in order to determine their detectability when they are present in a water system, including intake, treatment, and distribution. These contaminants were monitored by measuring simple water quality parameters such as conductivity, pH, chlorine residual, turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC), and UV254. Results indicated that the contaminants used for the study were detected at certain toxicity concentrations through the online water quality monitoring method. This method provides a useful tool for watching water resources against possible terror attacks, and also keeping safe water quality.     

氢氧化钠固态预处理对稻草中木素结构特性的影响

为探明这种NaOH固态预处理对稻草产气量影响的内在机理,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、氢质子核磁共振波谱(1HNMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等方法,对NaOH固态处理前后稻草中木素结构的变化进行了多方位研究.结果表明,NaOH固态预处理使稻草中木素内部结构、木素-碳水化合物复合体的形态结构发生了明显的变化,使得纤维素从木素的包裹中释放出来,木素成分也由难降解的三维网状大分子转变成了易降解的直链结构的小分子,从而使得厌氧微生物能够接触到更多的纤维素并对其进行更有效的消化.这些木素形态结构的变化是导致稻草厌氧消化产气量提高的内在原因.