强化EGSB-好氧组合工艺处理马铃薯淀粉废水研究

马铃薯淀粉废水具有处理难度大、有机污染物浓度高等特点,属于高难度有机废水。为了有效的解决马铃薯淀粉废水造成的环境污染问题,采用强化厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床组合好氧工艺对有机污染物质和氨氮的去除效能进行研究。研究结果表明-强化厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床在最佳运行工况条件下(进水温度为30℃、外回流比为2和水力停留时间24 h),组合工艺出水COD质量浓度和氨氮浓度分别在92.35 mg/L和10.28 mg/L左右,去除率分别在98.85%和86.29%左右,出水水质能够满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)二级标准,说明该工艺是一种适用于马铃薯淀粉废水的处理技术。     

淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的水解特性及絮凝性能研究

研究了淀粉-接枝-聚丙烯酰胺(St-g-PAM)的水解特性及其絮凝处理效能,并与相近分子量阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺产品作比较.结果表明,无论单独使用还是与无机絮凝剂复配使用,阴离子型淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的处理效果均优于阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺;淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的水解度大于1 7%时水解度对絮凝处理效果的影响不大,且絮凝处理效果均很好,而聚丙烯酰胺的最佳水解度为30%,大于或小于该值絮凝处理效果都会明显变差.     

清洁生产审核在淀粉企业的应用

清洁生产是企业可持续发展的必由之路,清洁生产审核是企业实现清洁生产最成熟最有效的手段。在对某淀粉企业进行清洁生产审核中,针对行业特点,结合企业自身情况,提出并实施无／低费方案20项,中／高费方案5项。取得了良好的效益,在改善厂区环境的同时,每年可节水64500吨,节电约31万度,减少废水排放48000吨。该企业初步实现了在提高企业自身资源回收利用能力的同时,达到经济、环境和社会效益的统一,为淀粉企业今后的清洁生产审核积累了经验。     

絮凝沉降法处理含油废水的絮凝优化复配研究

气浮法是含油废水处理的常用方法,但该法工艺复杂,操作要求高.乌鲁木齐铁路局哈密机务段用气浮法处理含油废水,使用的聚合氯化铝-聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂配方的效率及安全性欠佳,为此提出了用聚乙烯亚胺-活化硅酸-可溶性淀粉3种絮凝剂复配投加的絮凝沉降法.研究表明,本法可使废水中油的去除率达到93.9%,COD去除率达82.2%,浊度去除率达92.3%,具有去除效率高、无毒安全和处理成本低的优点,有望取代原有方法及药剂配方,具有推广应用价值.     

沸石负载淀粉对Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+的吸附性能

将淀粉负载到沸石表面得到新型重金属离子复合吸附剂ZLS。分别从沸石与淀粉质量比、吸附温度、吸附时间、pH与重金属初始浓度不同方面考察了复合吸附剂ZLS吸附 Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺、Ni²⁺的影响。实验结果表明:当沸石与淀粉质量比为10:1,pH为6,吸附温度在30℃时,复合型吸附剂ZLS对Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺和Ni²⁺ 3种重金属离子的吸附效果最好;吸附动力学研究发现,ZLS对Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺和Ni²⁺的吸附行为均符合准二级动力学以及颗粒内部扩散模型;等温吸附数据符合Freundlich模型,吸附状态属于多层吸附。     

Synthesis of the starch grafting of superabsorbent and high oil-absorbing resin

The graft copolymerization of the starch and acrylic were used to prepare the superabsorbent, and the high oil-absorbing resin was also studied preliminarily. In addition, following the method of the emulsion polymerization, the cerium nitrate amine was regarded as the initiator, the acrylic amide and the methyl methacrylate functioned as the monomer. There are several significant parameters taken into consideration such as the factors that influence the performance of the superabsorbent and the high oil-absorbing resin, the dosage of the initiator amount, the ratio of the starch and the monomer and the dosage of crosslinking agent.     

Synthesis of lignin-based copolymer LSAA and the application on controlling non-point source pollution (NPS) resulted from surface runoff

In this article, alkali lignin separated from paper pulp waste was grafted into a novel copolymer LSAA (a copolymer of lignin, starch, acrylamide and acrylic acid). Its practical application effect and environmental safety were studied. The results of field simulation experiment indicated that the application of LSAA significantly affected the output of the runoff and pollutants. The runoff quantity was decreased by 16.67%-47.00% and the loads of total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were reduced by 17.78%-62.14%, 26.32%-59.91%, 26.67%-42.86%, and 22.18%-52.78%, respectively. Tests on its environmental safety showed that LSAA did no harm the soil. Compared with polyacrylamide (PAM), a dominant product in this field, LSAA exhibited similar effects and cheap cost. Thus, this study not only created a new product for controlling runoff water quality but also offered a beneficial application for industrial paper waste.     

淀粉废水处理系统中活性污泥的微生物群落结构及多样性分析

为探究淀粉废水处理活性污泥中微生物的群落结构及多样性,基于Illumina MiSeq高通量测序方法,分析了不同运行阶段的A/O处理系统中活性污泥的微生物群落与多样性组成.结果表明,A/O系统中处理淀粉生产废水的活性污泥在同一种废水下微生物群落结构总体比较稳定,优势细菌主要为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)等;最重要优势细菌类群为变形菌门(45. 66%～66. 30%),其中γ-亚纲细菌是其主要成员,占比36. 38%～66. 65%.优势拟杆菌门主要成员鞘脂杆菌纲在污泥沉降性能较好时其占比下降,但绿弯菌门主要成员厌氧绳菌纲在污泥沉降性能较好时其占比明显增加,变化趋势正好相反,或许它们二者之间的耦合变化与污泥沉降性能变化密切相关.活性污泥样品中存在大量特殊功能菌群,它们在活性污泥的污染物分解和氮磷去除中发挥重要作用.