氨氮在天然沸石上的吸附及解吸

研究了氨氮浓度、温度、时间、共存阳离子等对氨氮在天然沸石上吸附的影响 ,比较了HCl及NaCl溶液对氨氮解吸的效果 ,初步探讨了沸石吸附氨氮后自然硝化的规律 .结果显示 ,随着氨氮浓度的增大或温度的升高 ,沸石吸附量上升 ,最大可达 1 1 5mg·g- 1 ;沸石吸附的初始阶段 (0— 8h) ,沸石吸附量随时间显著上升 ,此后趋于平缓 ;在不同阳离子共存的情况下 ,K 可使沸石吸附量降低 5 0 %以上 ;HCl溶液对氨氮解吸的效果好于NaCl溶液 ,解吸率最高可达到 6 0 % ;沸石吸附的氨氮在硝化细菌作用下可转化为硝氮 ,溶液中硝氮浓度 1 2 0h后可达 9mg·l- 1 ,在总氮中比率达到 2 7% .     

可溶性有机质对芘在泥炭和高岭土上吸附和解吸的影响

为掌握可溶性有机质(DOM)对憎水性有机污染物吸附和解吸行为的影响,本研究选取四环多环芳烃——芘作为目标污染物,通过批平衡实验研究了不同分子量组分DOM对芘在泥炭和高岭土上吸附和解吸的影响.结果表明,吸附和解吸数据均可以用Freundlich模型很好地拟合(R²>0.93).DOM的添加抑制了泥炭对芘的吸附,并且分子量越大的DOM产生的抑制效应越明显,主要是由于DOM与芘分子的竞争、增溶作用及泥炭表面微孔的堵塞引起的.与之相反,DOM促进了芘在高岭土上的吸附,DOM分子量越大,促进效应越强,这是由于DOM与芘分子之间通过累积吸附或共吸附增加高岭土对芘的吸附.DOM促进了芘在泥炭和高岭土上的解吸,并且促进效应随分子量的增加而增强.此外,芘在泥炭和高岭土上的解吸均存在迟滞现象,均在低浓度时表现出更明显的效应.DOM_bulk和DOM_(>14000 Da)增加了芘在泥炭上的解吸迟滞现象,但降低了其在高岭土上的解吸迟滞现象.     

炼钢精炼渣气固碳酸化反应吸附CO2

采用炼钢精炼渣,通过气固碳酸化反应吸附CO₂,考察了不同吸附温度下精炼渣对纯CO₂和模拟高炉煤气中CO₂的吸附能力。实验结果表明：吸附温度对精炼渣吸附CO₂反应有显著的影响,升高温度可以提高精炼渣对CO₂的吸附能力;在400 ℃时,精炼渣吸附纯CO₂和模拟高炉煤气中CO₂的量分别为4.7 mg/g和9.8 mg/g;吸附温度升高到500 ℃和550 ℃时,精炼渣对纯CO₂的吸附能力强于高炉煤气中CO₂;在550 ℃时,精炼渣吸附纯CO₂和模拟高炉煤气中CO₂的量达到最高,分别为14.7 mg/g和12.9 mg/g。     

Spatial analysis of resources and environmental carrying capacity in Iran

Urbanization and mass movement of the population from rural areas and small cities to megacities have led to environmental, economic, and social problems in Iran. In dealing with these challenges, assessing resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) is considered an effective method to leverage space and capital to achieve sustainable development. This study aimed to rank the provincial RECC in Iran. Toward this purpose, environmental indices were generated from remotely sensed and statistical census data. Then, the provinces were scored in terms of environmental, economic, and infrastructural carrying capacities, and RECC using the mean variance analysis method. Results demonstrated that in most areas, there is no relationship between economic and infrastructural capacities and development. Statistically, a correlation coefficient of −0.53 between economic and environmental carrying capacities indicated excessive use of environmental capacities. Moreover, the spatial distribution pattern of environmental, economic, and infrastructural carrying capacity was entirely heterogeneous between the provinces; there was a northeast–southwest pattern in terms of infrastructural capacity and an economic pattern from north to south. The distribution pattern of RECC is most consistent with the environmental capacity, pointing at the high weight of the indicators of the RECC model. In conclusion, this research offers a new vision for policymakers and provides a theoretical and applicable framework for implementing sustainable strategies in land-use planning. It is recommended that the RECC concept and tools can be used not only for planning but also for measuring the efficiency of spatial development programs and establishing land balances in the region.     

石墨基复合材料负载零价纳米铁吸附重金属离子的研究进展

工业废水中重金属的存在威胁着环境和人类健康,有效去除环境中的重金属离子具有重要意义.论文简要介绍了近年来石墨基复合材料负载纳米零价铁(nZVI)去除废水中重金属离子的研究,探讨了多种石墨基负载nZVI复合材料对重金属离子的吸附特性和环境条件对吸附性能的影响因素,并对其未来的研究和应用进行了总结和展望.     

3种人工湿地基质材料对氨氮的吸附特性

对陶粒、石英砂和砾石这3种人工湿地基质材料进行了氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）吸附特性研究.通过扫描电镜和BET比表面积分析仪对材料进行表征分析,发现陶粒表面相比石英砂和砾石更为粗糙,内部孔隙也较发达,陶粒（18.97 m²·g^-1）比表面积高于石英砂和砾石.在纯氨氮溶液和模拟污水厂出水一级B标准的混合溶液中,3种基质对NH₄⁺-N的吸附能力均表现为：陶粒>砾石>石英砂.陶粒对NH₄⁺-N的饱和吸附容量在混合溶液中最大（63.55 mg·g^-1）.陶粒对NH₄⁺-N的吸附过程符合伪二级动力学模型（在纯氨氮溶液中R²为0.99、在混合溶液中R²为0.98）.在纯氨氮溶液中运用Freundlich和Langmuir模型对等温吸附试验结果进行拟合,发现Freundlich模型（R²=0.93）描述陶粒的吸附特性比Langmuir模型更为精确（R²为0.93）,表明陶粒对NH₄⁺-N的吸附为多层吸附.综上所述,陶粒的吸附容量较强,在混合溶液中吸附容量较纯氨氮溶液增大了31%,适用于作为人工湿地基质填料.     

Fe3O4@SA/Ce微球的表征及对染料的吸附特性

以天然高分子化合物海藻酸钠(sodium alginate,SA)为骨架,结合磁性Fe₃O₄和稀土铈离子Ce(Ⅲ)通过溶液反应制备出一种新型的磁性海藻酸铈复合微球(Fe₃O₄@SA;Ce).采用X射线衍射(XRD)、孔结构比表面积分析(BET)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)及振动样品强磁计(VSM)对Fe₃O₄@SA;Ce的结构进行了表征,并以直接桃红12B(direct red 12B,DR 12B)和直接橙S(direct orange S,DO S)两种染料为吸附对象,探讨了Fe₃O₄@SA;Ce的吸附剂性能、吸附动力学和热力学.结果表明,Fe₃O₄@SA;Ce对室温下自然pH染料溶液中DR 12B和DO S均表现出良好的吸附效果,吸附量分别可达464 mg·g^-1和730 mg·g^-1.在不同温度下(298、313、328 K),Fe₃O₄@SA;Ce对DR 12B和DO S的吸附过程均可用拟二级吸附动力学方程准确描述.通过等温吸附研究,发现Fe₃O₄@SA;Ce对两种染料的等温吸附较好地符合Freundlich模型.各种表征结果表明,SA与Ce(Ⅲ)和Fe₃O₄交联反应后生成的Fe₃O₄@SA;Ce凝胶球表面有大量深浅不一的褶皱沟纹,形貌发生了显著变化.作为一种绿色环保、制备方法简单、可高效吸附的磁性高分子复合吸附剂,Fe₃O₄@SA;Ce对高浓度染料具有很好的吸附效果,期望能够在染料废水处理中得到广泛应用.     

A strategy for the next decade to address data deficiency in neglected biodiversity

Measuring progress toward international biodiversity targets requires robust information on the conservation status of species, which the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species provides. However, data and capacity are lacking for most hyperdiverse groups, such as invertebrates, plants, and fungi, particularly in megadiverse or high-endemism regions. Conservation policies and biodiversity strategies aimed at halting biodiversity loss by 2020 need to be adapted to tackle these information shortfalls after 2020. We devised an 8-point strategy to close existing data gaps by reviving explorative field research on the distribution, abundance, and ecology of species; linking taxonomic research more closely with conservation; improving global biodiversity databases by making the submission of spatially explicit data mandatory for scientific publications; developing a global spatial database on threats to biodiversity to facilitate IUCN Red List assessments; automating preassessments by integrating distribution data and spatial threat data; building capacity in taxonomy, ecology, and biodiversity monitoring in countries with high species richness or endemism; creating species monitoring programs for lesser-known taxa; and developing sufficient funding mechanisms to reduce reliance on voluntary efforts. Implementing these strategies in the post-2020 biodiversity framework will help to overcome the lack of capacity and data regarding the conservation status of biodiversity. This will require a collaborative effort among scientists, policy makers, and conservation practitioners.     

磁性铁基改性生物炭去除水中氨氮

氨氮的过度排放是水体富营养化的一个重要原因.然而,随着环境法规的日益严格,传统方法处理效果难以达到要求.吸附法因高效、安全等优点近年来开始应用于去除水中的氨氮.本研究中以共沉淀法将磁性铁基材料负载到市政污泥生物炭上,结果表明其对水中氨氮有良好的去除效果.80℃下合成的材料（MB₈₀）在293 K下对氨氮的饱和吸附量可达17.52 mg·g^-1.动力学与热力学结果表明,MB₈₀吸附氨氮的过程更符合伪二级动力学和Langmuir等温线.MB₈₀对氨氮的吸附机制可归纳为静电吸引、孔隙填充、离子交换和氢键结合.且5次循环后对氨氮的吸附量仍十分理想,可达3.18 mg·g^-1.本研究的结果可以为高效去除水中氨氮提供一种行之有效的方法,并为市政污泥的处理提供新的出路.     

钢渣对水体中磷的去除性能及机制解析

针对不同类型钢渣在除磷过程中存在的显著差异,以电炉渣为研究对象,探讨了环境因素（吸附时间、吸附温度）对钢渣除磷的影响,验证了其对磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐及实际水体的除磷效果,联合采用扫描电镜（SEM）、能量色散X射线能谱（EDS）、X射线荧光光谱（XRF）和X射线衍射光谱（XRD）技术探究其除磷机制,对比分析了钢渣与陶粒和沸石的除磷效率,并对钢渣除磷的安全性能进行了评估.结果表明,吸附时间显著影响钢渣除磷效果,当吸附时间为30 min时钢渣对质量浓度范围为1~20 mg·L^-1的磷酸盐溶液的去除率均可达到97%以上.温度对实验所用钢渣的除磷效果影响并不显著.钢渣对焦磷酸盐吸附能力弱于正磷酸盐,其对初始质量浓度为3 mg·L^-1的焦磷酸盐的去除率为82.45%.光谱分析结果表明,钢渣除磷的主要机制为化学吸附并辅以物理吸附,CaHPO₄·2H₂O为主要沉淀物质.钢渣对生物池出水和湿地系统中的磷素去除效果显著,总磷去除率分别为98.36%和93.33%.对比可知,钢渣对磷酸盐的去除效果优于陶粒和沸石,其对PO₄^3-的去除率分别为96%、40%和10%.钢渣浸出液中各重金属含量均符合地表水Ⅰ类标准要求,钢渣安全可靠.