LAS、AE降解菌的筛选及降解效率的研究

以某合成洗涤剂厂曝气池活性污泥为菌种来源，表面活性剂直链烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）及脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（AE）为唯一碳源进行选择培养，从中分离出5株降解LAS、AE能力强的菌株。根据各菌株菌体形态、染色反应和生理生化反应，分别对5菌株进行了菌种鉴定，并在不同的温度、pH值和供氧的情况下对5株菌株进行培养，研究菌株生长所适宜的环境条件。同时根据LAS、AE对水绵伤害实验，以生物监测的方法对菌株降解LAS、AE的效率进行了研究。     

薄壁管无芯推压缩径过程的应力应变分析

薄壁管无芯推压缩径成形过程比薄壁管拉拔成形过程复杂得多,迄今很少有这方面的文献报道。本文首次根据主应力法,比较详细地推导了薄壁管无芯推压过程的应力分布和壁厚变化的计算公式,并给出了计算实例。     

Can gestational dates routinely derived from very early ultrasound be used to interpret maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein measurements?

This study assesses the reliability of estimating gestational age via crown-rump or gestational sac measurements obtained at 8 weeks' gestation or earlier as part of routine physician office practice. To accomplish this, we studied 88 pregnancies managed at 45 different sites in which both an early first-trimester ultrasonically-derived gestational age estimate and a second-trimester biparietal diameter (BPD) estimate were available. The first-and second-trimester determinations were highly correlated, but the first-trimester determinations were, on average, 0.43 weeks earlier than the second. The first-trimester estimates were satisfactory for use in interpreting maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) screening measurements, but second-trimester BPD measurements obtained prior to MSAFP screening should be the method of choice for interpreting MSAFP values, due to the increased sensitivity for detecting open spina bifida.     

含机油废水微生物降解实验研究

从油污壤中筛选分离出两株高效机油降解菌ZL1、ZL2，初步鉴定为黄杆菌属和微球菌属。通过生长条件正交实验测定了温度、低温浓度和pH值对其降解能力的影响。在废水较高油浓度下进行了连续降解实验。实验表明：20d对于含油270mg／L的去除率分别达到67\9%呼76．2％，其中ZL2菌对底物浓度的pH值有较广的适应范围。     

板料成形过程系统分析

此文从系统的角度就板料性能、板料毛坯的展开计算、模具设计与制造、摩擦与润滑、应力应变分析等诸多方面对板料成形过程作了一般分析.可知板料成形过程是一复杂的,需要考虑系统中各个因素之间的相互关系和影响才能得到合理的板料成形件.并从有限元法的角度,建立了板料成形过程模型.     

Humerus and femur length in fetuses with down syndrome

The aim of the study was to assess the value of sonographic measurement of fetal humerus and femur lengths in the second trimester as a screening tool for Down syndrome (DS). We reviewed retrospectively fetal sonographic biometry made at the time of amniocentesis between 15 and 19 weeks. The study group consisted of 27 DS fetuses. The control group comprised 500 normal fetuses chosen randomly. The expected humeral and femoral lengths for a given biparietal diameter were estimated by linear regression equations from the 500 normal fetuses. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate both the detection rate and the false-positive rate of different cut-off values of measured to expected lengths ratios. The median femur and humeral lengths in DS fetuses were 0·91 times the expected values. No significant differences in the detection rate and false-positive rate were found between the humerus and femur lengths. When the humeral and femoral lengths were combined, we observed a remarkable reduction in the false-positive rate. A measured to expected length ratio of 0·91 detected 44·4 per cent of DS fetuses with 7·6 per cent false positives. These results suggest that the combination of femoral and humeral lengths may permit a more efficient use of ultrasound in screening for Down syndrome than the use of either alone.     

深井曝气法处理制药厂废水的优势菌株的生态学研究

通过驯化培养 ,从制药厂废水的活性污泥中分离出降解硝基苯能力最强的几株菌 ,并鉴别到属。该菌对硝基苯具有较强的忍受能力 ,通过活性污泥和优势菌株不同量的配比实验 ,得到在优势菌株和活性污泥在 1∶ 9及 3∶ 7的配比中 ,降解硝基苯的能力没有显著差异 ,使这一成果更适合在实际生长中的应用和推广     

地表水水质模型综合评价技术体系研究

水环境数学模型开发及应用的不规范会严重影响水环境管理决策的有效性和科学性.为了更好地发挥模型的职能,减少因采用的模型差异而造成差别管理等不公平因素,应当建立科学的模型筛选制度和评价体系.基于模型开发及应用的生命周期全过程,在文献调研和专家咨询基础上,提出了包含目标层、准则层和指标层的地表水水质模型综合评价指标和评价方法,其中指标层包括通用性、可靠性、友好性、先进性和易用性5个准则的29个指标.采用层次分析法和专家打分法确定指标值及指标权重,并以国内外常用的水质模型,即HEC-RAS、MIKE11、CE-QUAL-W2、WASP、EFDC和Delft3D模型为例,进行了水质模型的综合评价.案例应用的模型评价得分高低的排序依次为Delft3D、EFDC、CE-QUAL-W2、MIKE11、WASP和HEC-RAS模型,结果表明建立的水质模型综合评价技术体系科学、可靠、易用,可为我国水环境数学模型的规范化建设提供重要参考.      

一种新的水质遗传毒性评价方法的建立

为了便于低成本、快速地检测环境中各种污染物的遗传毒性,本研究以前期构建的UV敏感菌株为监测菌,对多种已知化合物的遗传毒性进行测试.结果显示该菌株对遗传毒性化合物可快速产生响应,与化合物孵育0.5 h后裸眼即可观察到菌液浊度发生变化,且受试菌菌液浊度呈现剂量依赖的特点.剂量效应曲线计算表明,该菌株对两性霉素B、氯化苄、克菌丹和萘啶酮酸的最低检出浓度分别为0.32 mmol·L~(-1)、0.11 mmol·L~(-1)、0.07μmol·L~(-1)和2.14μmol·L~(-1),均低于欧盟标准遗传毒性测试方法——SOS/umu方法.进一步建立了Cr(VI)的剂量-效应标准曲线,为评价复杂样品的遗传毒性强度提供了一个可能的选择.利用该方法对3个环境水样进行了测试,其中一个水样在浓缩200倍后可诱使测试菌发生SOS响应,其Cr(VI)等效剂量浓度为0.08μmol·L~(-1) Cr(VI).上述结果表明,该方法具有应用于环境样品遗传毒性定性与半定量初筛的潜力.     

聚碳酸酯中低应变率范围下动态力学性能研究

目的研究聚碳酸酯材料在一定温度下中低应变率范围内的力学性能。方法利用高速液压伺服材料试验机和非接触测试分析系统,在不同温度(-45~70℃)下对聚碳酸酯材料进行应变率范围(0.05~60 s-1)的动态拉伸试验,获得各温度不同应变率下的真实应力-真实应变曲线。结果聚碳酸酯材料的屈服强度和流动应力随着应变率的增加而增加,随着温度的增加而降低。结论聚碳酸酯材料在此温度和应变率范围下具有明显的应变率强化效应和温度软化效应。